Cold Region Hazards and RisksISBN: 978-0-470-02928-2
Paperback
380 pages
April 2011
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1 Introduction.
1.1 Concept and rationale.
1.2 Scope and classification of the hazards.
1.3 Hazard awareness.
1.4 Physical properties of ice classification.
1.5 Hazard and Risk.
1.6 Summary.
2 Arctic Sea Ice.
2.1 Introduction.
2.2 The Arctic Ocean.
2.3 Sea ice.
2.4 Impacts.
2.5 Direct impacts.
2.6 Indirect impacts.
2.7 Mitigation.
2.8 Summary.
3 Ice Sheets – Antarctica and Greenland.
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Ice sheet systems.
3.3 Greenland.
3.4 Antarctica.
3.5 Impacts of ice sheet loss.
3.6 Mitigation.
3.7 Summary.
4 Icebergs.
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Iceberg characteristics.
4.3 Iceberg impact and risk.
4.4 Iceberg mitigation.
4.5 Summary.
5 Glaciers.
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 Inherent glacier hazards.
5.3 Glacier mass balance changes.
5.4 Mitigation measures.
5.5 Summary.
6 Glacier Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs).
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 The glacial meltwater system.
6.3 GLOFs.
6.4 Trigger mechanisms.
6.5 Risk.
6.6 Mitigation.
6.7 Summary.
7 Permafrost.
7.1 Introduction.
7.2 Permafrost distribution and characteristics.
7.3 Permafrost hazardousness.
7.4 Lowland permafrost hazards.
7.5 Mountain permafrost hazards.
7.6 Summary.
8 Snow Avalanches.
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Definition, classification and motion.
8.3 Factors promoting avalanches.
8.4 Impacts of avalanches.
8.5 Mitigation methods.
8.6 Summary.
9 River Ice – Ice Jams and Ice Roads.
9.1 Introduction.
9.2 Ice jams.
9.3 Ice roads.
9.4 Summary.
10 Winter storms — Ice Storms and Blizzards.
10.1 Introduction.
10.2 Definitions.
10.3 Weather systems and processes.
10.4 Impacts.
10.5 Mitigation.
10.6 Summary.
11 Conclusions – The future.
References.
Glossary.
Acronyms.
Index.
