1 Investment Assets.Held by Pension Funds.

1.1 Money-market securities.

1.2 Bonds and loans.

1.3 Shares.

1.4 Collective investment vehicles.

1.5 Real assets.

1.6 Derivatives.

1.7 Alternative investments.

1.8 Socially responsible investment.

1.9 Global custody.

1.10 Different asset characteristics and uses.

1.11 Conclusion.

Questions.

References.

Appendix A: Standard deviation, value-at-risk and correlation.

2 Personal Finance: The Allocation of Personal Wealth to Different Asset Classes.

2.1 Introduction.

2.2 Modelling the allocation of personal wealth to different asset classes.

2.3 Conclusion.

Questions.

References.

3 Corporate Pension Finance.

3.1 The valuation of pension liabilities: Differences between the actuarial and economic approaches.

3.2 Pensions and the company balance sheet: Differences between the accounting and economic approaches.

3.3 The asset allocation of the pension fund.

3.4 The relationship between the pension fund and the sponsoring company’s profitability, credit rating and share price.

3.5 Conclusion.

Questions.

References.

4 Defined Contribution Pension Schemes – The Accumulation Phase.

4.1 The optimal design of DC schemes during the accumulation phase.

4.2 Charges.

4.3 Persistency.

4.4 Conclusions.

Questions.

Appendix A: Charges.

References.

5 Defined Contribution Pension Schemes – The Distribution Phase.

5.1 Annuities.

5.2 The optimal design of DC schemes during the distribution phase.

5.3 Conclusion.

Questions.

References.

6 Defined Benefit Pension Schemes.

6.1 Types of defined benefit scheme.

6.2 Defined benefit liabilities.

6.3 The option composition of pension schemes.

6.4 Valuing the options.

6.5 The pension scheme preferences of members, sponsors and fund managers.

6.6 Conclusion.

Questions.

References.

7 Pension Fund Management.

7.1 The role of a pension fund.

7.2 The functions of a pension fund manager.

7.3 Fund management styles.

7.4 Different fund management strategies for defined benefit and defined contribution schemes.

7.5 The fund manager’s relationship with the trustees.

7.6 Passive fund management.

7.7 Active fund management.

7.8 Asset-liability management.

7.9 The Myners review of institutional investment.

7.10 Conclusion.

Questions.

References.

Appendix A: Investment-objectives questionnaire.

Appendix B: Derivation of the optimal contribution rate and asset allocation in a defined benefit pension fund.

8 Pension Fund Performance Measurement and Attribution.

8.1 Ex-post returns.

8.2 Benchmarks of comparison for actively managed funds.

8.3 Risk-adjusted measure of portfolio performance for actively managed funds.

8.4 Performance attribution for actively managed funds.

8.5 Liability-driven performance attribution.

8.6 Realised investment performance.

8.7 Performance-related fund management fees.

8.8 How frequently should fund managers be assessed?.

8.9 Conclusions.

Questions.

References.

Appendix A: Deriving the power function.

9 Risk Management in Pension Funds.

9.1 The objective of hedging.

9.2 Hedging with futures.

9.3 Hedging with options.

9.4 Hedging with swaps.

9.5 Hedging longevity risk.

9.6 Conclusion.

Questions.

References.

10 Pension Fund Insurance.

10.1 The Pension Protection Fund.

10.2 What the Pension Protection Fund can learn from other financial institutions and compensation schemes.

10.3 The risks facing the PPF.

10.4 Dealing with these risks.

10.5 Conclusion.

Questions.

References.

Appendix A: The Marcus (1987) and Vanderhei (1990) models.

Appendix A: Financial Arithmetic.

Appendix B: Yields and Yields Curves.

Appendix C: Duration and Convexity.

Index.