His areas of expertise include: artificial neural networks, swarm intelligence, evolutionary computation, data mining and artificial immune systems. He has been active in this area since 1994 and he is one of the few people in the field leading a very active research group in Swarm Intelligence, specifically in Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Particularly he is currently developing a number of new PSO approaches which are unique contributions to the field. His research group has produced about 15% of the total number of articles on PSO.