Electric Power Planning for Regulated and Deregulated Markets

Acknowledgments.

Figure Citations.

About the Author.

1. Overview.

1.1 The Power Delivery Chain in a Vertically Integrated Utility.

1.2 The Power Delivery Chain in a Market Environment.

2. Energy, Load, and Generation Technologies.

2.1 Energy, Power, and their Measurements.

2.2 Load.

2.3 Generation Technologies.

3. The Grid.

3.1 Fundamentals: Load, Generation, and Alternating Current.

3.2 Grid Equipment.

3.3 Grid Reliability and Contingency Requirements.

3.4 Grid Confi guration.

3.5 Grid Operations.

3.6 Blackout August 14, 2003.

4. Short-Term Utility Planning.

4.1 Planning and Execution of Dispatch: Day-Ahead Planning Through Real-Time Delivery.

4.2 Day-Ahead Demand Forecasting: Load and Ancillary Service Requirements.

4.3 Least-Cost Dispatch in a Single Control Area: A Simple Model.

4.4 A Solution Using Profi t Maximization.

4.5 Least-Cost Dispatch in a Single Control Area with Operating Constraints.

4.6 Least-Cost Dispatch in a Single Node with Spinning Reserve and Regulation.

4.7 Least-Cost Dispatch in a Network.

4.8 Real Time.

5. Long-Term Utility Planning.

5.1 Project Development.

5.2 The Planning Process.

5.3 Long-Term Load Forecasting.

5.4 A Simplifi ed Look at Generation Capacity Additions.

5.5 Generation Additions and Retirements Within a Single Control Area.

5.6 Generation Additions and Retirements with Transmission to a Single Control Area.

5.7 Generation Additions and Retirements and Transmission Additions Within a Network.

5.8 Reserve Reuqirements.

6. Midterm Utility Planning.

6.1 Informational Requirements.

6.2 Formulation of the Optimization Problem.

7. A Market Environment.

7.1 Principles and Architecture.

7.2 Short-Term Market Design: Day-Ahead Scheduling Through Real-Time Delivery.

7.3 Long-Term Market Design: No Clear Solutions.

7.4 Midterm Market Design.

8. Asset Management in Short-Term Markets.

8.1 Retailers.

8.2 Power Producers.

8.3 Integrated Energy Companies.

9. Investment Analysis: Long-Term Planning in a Market Environment.

9.1 Investment Setting in Utility and Market Environments.

9.2 Project Analysis for a Merchant Plant.

9.3 Power Purchase Agreements (Long-Term Contracts).

10. Risk Management in the Midterm Markets.

10.1 Retailer Risk.

10.2 Power Producer Risk.

10.3 A Quick Risk Primer in Statistics for Risk Management.

10.4 Risk Management in Midterm Markets: Retailers.

10.5 Risk Management in Midterm Markets: Power Producers.

10.6 Risk Management in Midterm Markets: Integrated Electricity Suppliers.

11. The California Experience.

11.1 Market Fundamentals.

11.2 Short-Term Market Structure: The CALPX, CAISO, and Other Market Participants.

11.3 Fatboy, Get Shorty, Ricochet, and Death Star.

11.4 Market Contrast: PJM and California.

Bibliography.

Index.