This book emphasizes the importance and the requirements of high-gain antennas, low power transceiver, adaptive equalizer/modulation, channeling coding and adaptive multi-user detection for gigabit wireless communications. In addition, the book will include the updated research literature and patents in the topics of transceivers, antennas, MIMO, channel capacity, coding, equalizer, Modem and multi-user detection. Finally the application of these antennas will be discussed in light of different forthcoming wireless standards at V-band and E-band.

Preface ix

List of Abbreviations xi

1 Millimeter Wave Characteristics 1

1.1 Millimeter Wave Characteristics 2

1.2 Channel Performance at 60 GHz 5

1.3 Gigabit Wireless Communications 11

1.4 Development of Millimeter Wave Standards 16

1.5 Coexistence with Wireless Backhaul 24

References 29

2 Review of Modulations for Millimeter Wave Communications 33

2.1 On/Off Keying (OOK) 34

2.2 Phase Shift Keying (PSK) 39

2.3 Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) 52

2.4 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) 58

2.5 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) 63

References 68

3 Millimeter Wave Transceivers 71

3.1 Millimeter Wave Link Budget 71

3.2 Transceiver Architecture 74

3.3 Transceiver Without Mixer 80

3.4 Receiver Without Local Oscillator 86

3.5 Millimeter Wave Calibration 93

3.6 Research Trend: Transceiver Siliconization 96

References 96

4 Millimeter Wave Antennas 99

4.1 Path Loss and Antenna Directivity 100

4.2 Antenna Beamwidth 106

4.3 Maximum Possible Gain-to-Q 108

4.4 Polarization 112

4.5 Beam Steering Antenna 120

4.6 Millimeter Wave Design Consideration 124

4.7 Production and Manufacture 127

References 129

5 Millimeter Wave Mimo 133

5.1 Spatial Diversity of Antenna Arrays 134

5.2 Multiple Antennas 138

5.3 Multiple Transceivers 144

5.4 Noise Coupling in a MIMO System 154

References 159

6 Advanced Diversity Over Mimo Channels 163

6.1 Potential Benefits for Millimeter Wave Systems 164

6.2 Spatial and Temporal Diversity 165

6.3 Spatial and Frequency Diversity 171

6.4 Dynamic Spatial, Frequency, and Modulation Allocation 177

References 184

7 Advanced Beam Steering and Beam Forming 187

7.1 The Need for Beam-Steering/Beam-Forming 188

7.2 Adaptive Frame Structure 191

7.3 Advanced Beam Steering Technology 194

7.4 Advanced Antenna ID Technology 202

7.5 Advanced Beam Forming Technology 205

References 214

8 Single-Carrier Frequency Domain Equalization 217

8.1 Advantages of SC-FDE over OFDM for Millimeter Wave Systems 218

8.2 Preamble Design 222

8.3 Adaptive Channel Estimation 226

8.4 Frequency Domain Equalization 231

8.5 Decision Feedback Equalization 235

References 258

Appendix: Simulation Tools 261

Index 263

KAO-CHENG HUANG, PHD, is Vice President at the Dharma Academy in Taiwan and an IEEE Senior Member. Dr. Huang formerly worked as the MSc program leader at the University of Greenwich (UK), and senior research engineer at Sony Technology Centre, Germany. He received his PhD degree from University of Oxford (UK), and is the author of a previous book, Millimetre Wave Antennas for Gigabit Wireless Communications (Wiley). He holds several world and international patents in the area of millimeter wave communications.

ZHAOCHENG WANG, PHD, is Professor at the Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, China. He has more than ten years of industry R&D experience in the areas of wireless and millimeter wave communications. He holds eighteen U.S./EU patents, some of which have been adopted by a plurality of international standards.