Roll-to-Roll Vacuum Deposition of Barrier Coatings

Acknowledgements.

1 Introduction.

1.1 Packaging.

1.1.1 Opaque Barrier.

1.1.2 Transparent Barrier.

1.2 Markets.

References.

2 Terminology.

2.1 Permeability Models.

2.2 Barrier Improvement Factor.

2.3 Tortuous Path Model.

2.4 Terminology Summary.

References.

3 Measurements.

3.1 Permeation Measurements.

3.2 Durability Testing.

3.3 Adhesion.

3.4 Pinholes.

3.5 Surface Energy.

3.6 Coefficient of Friction.

3.7 Coating Thickness.

3.8 Coating Conductivity or Resistivity.

3.9 Transmittance, Reflectance and Ellipseometry.

3.10 Standard Test Methods.

3.10.1 Permeability Tests.

3.10.2 Other Mechanical or Optical Performance Tests.

References.

4 Materials.

4.1 Packaging Materials Calculations.

References.

5 Substrates, Surfaces, Quality and Defects.

5.1 Substrates.

5.1.1 Oligomers.

5.1.2 Additives.

5.1.3 Contamination.

5.1.4 Surface Quality.

5.2 Substrate Cleaning.

5.3 Substrate Plasma Treatments.

5.4 Wetting and Adhesion.

5.5 Subbing or Planarisation Layers and Over-coatings.

References.

6 Vacuum Deposition Processing.

6.1 Nucleation, Growth and Modification.

6.2 Managing Heat Load.

6.3 Web Winding in Vacuum.

6.4 Troubleshooting.

References.

7 Vacuum deposition.

7.1 Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD).

7.1.1 Resistance Heated Evaporation.

7.2 Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD).

7.3 Electron Beam Evaporation Sources.

7.4 Induction Heated Evaporation Source.

7.5 Magnetron Sputter Deposition Sources.

7.6 Atomic Layer Deposition.

7.7 Other Deposition.

References.

8 Summary.

8.1 Cleanliness.

8.2 Substrates.

8.3 Coatings.

8.4 Over Coatings.

8.5 Multilayers.

8.6 Conclusion.

Index.

Author Biography.