1. Data collection and its graphical presentation.

1.1 Introduction to statistics .

1.2 Data collection, samples, surveys and experiments.

1.3 Some sources of statistical data.

1.4 Sorting and classifying data.

1.5 Bar charts and pie chart. Plotting in Excel.

1.6 Graphs: histograms and Ogives. Graphs in Excel.

1.7 Line and Lorenz graphs.

1.8 Graphical misrepresentation of data.

2. Descriptive statistics.

2.1 Summary statistics for raw data: mean, quartiles and mode.

2.2 Summary statistics for grouped data: mean, quartiles and mode.

2.3 Measures of dispersion for raw data. Variance, QD, IQR.

2.4 Measures of dispersion for grouped data. Variance, QD, IQR.

2.5 Use of calculator for descriptive statistics.

2.6 Other descriptive statistics. CV, skewness and box plots.

2.7 Descriptive statistics in Excel .

3. Regression and correlation Introduction.

3.1 Introduction to regression. Scatter plots and lines.

3.2 The least-squares line. Criteria and equation for a best fit line.

3.3 Excel: XY (Scatter) plots, least-squares line and formulae.

3.4 Coefficient of Determination and Correlation. .

3.5 Rank correlation. Calculate and interpret rank correlation.

3.6 Use the calculator for regression and correlation.

3.7 Why bother with formulae?

4. Probability .

4.1 Introduction to probability.

4.2 The multiplication and addition rules for probability.

4.3 Joint, marginal and conditional probability.

4.4 Bayes Rule.

5. Introduction Probability Distributions.

5.1 Introduction: probability distributions and random variables.

5.2 The Binomial probability distributions.

5.3 The Poisson probability distributions.

5.4 Normal probability distribution.

5.5 Expected values.

6. Sampling distributions for means and proportions.

6.1 Statistical inference and sampling distribution of the mean.

6.2 Sampling distribution for proportions for n > 30.

6.3 Some desirable properties of estimators.

7 Confidence intervals for means and proportions.

7.1 Confidence intervals for means.

7.2 Confidence intervals for proportions.

7.3 Precision of a confidence interval: sample size determination.

7.4 Confidence intervals for the difference between proportions.

8. Tests of hypothesis for means and proportions.

8.1 Tests of hypothesis for the population mean.

8.2 Tests of hypothesis for a population proportion.

8.3 Tests of hypothesis for difference between means and proportions.

8.4 Minitab and Excel for confidence intervals and tests of hypothesis.

9. Inference from small samples. Confidence intervals and tests of hypothesis.

9.1 Inference from small samples: Normal population, σ known. .

9.2 The Student t-distribution.

9.3 Inference from small samples: Normal population, σ not known.

9.4 Differences between means, small independent samples.

9.5 F-tests for equality of variances.

9.6 Difference between means, paired samples.

10. Analysis of variance.

10.1 The rationale behind one-way analysis of variance.

10.2 One-way Analysis of variance: The ANOVA Table .

10.3 Two-way Analysis of variance.

10.4 Observation studies and Designed experiments.

10.5 Excel and Minitab for ANOVA.

11. Chi-squared tests.

11.1 Introduction.

11.2 The χ² probability distribution.

11.3 Contingency tables.

11.4 Tests for independence (no association).

11.5 Test for homogeneous populations.

11.6 Tests for the equality of several proportions.

11.7 Goodness of fit tests.

11.8 Use of Excel and Minitab in χ² tests.

12. Regression analysis.

12.1 The Simple Linear Regression model: description and model assumptions.

12.2 Inference about the population slope (rates of change).

12.3 Confidence intervals and prediction intervals.

12.4 Checks for the model assumptions based on residual plots.

12.5 Regression analysis in Minitab and Excel.

12.6 Multiple Regression.

Appendix A. Technicalities and Conventions for Defining Class Intervals, Mid-Interval, Widths, Limits, Boundaries.

Appendix B. Formulae for Calculating the Quartiles for Grouped Data.

Appendix C. Outline of Derivation of Formulae (3.2) and (3.3)  for the Slope and Intercept of the Least-Squares Line, Y=a + bX

Appendix D. Brief Review of the Mathematics for the Binomial.

Appendix E. The Number e.

Appendix F. Calculation of Mean and Variance of Proportions by Expected Values.

Appendix G. Confidence Intervals for Means and Proportions.

Appendix H. Degrees of Freedom.

Appendix I. Notes on Summations and Double Summations.

Appendix J. Expressing the Estimates of Variance as Sums of Squares Divided by Degrees of Freedom in Their Simplest Form.

Appendix K. Sums of Squares for the One-Way ANOVA.

Appendix L. Fitted Values and Residuals.

Appendix M. Sums of Squares Identity for Two-Way ANOVA

Chapter Solutions.

Tables:

Glossary.

Index.