Acknowledgments.

List of Figures.

List of Tables.

Introduction.

I.1 Adaptive Filtering.

I.2 Historical Aspects.

I.3 Concept of Spatial Signal Processing.

1 Fundamentals of Array Signal Processing.

1.1 Introduction.

1.2 The Key to Transmission.

1.3 Hertzian Dipole.

1.4 Antenna Parameters & Terminology.

1.5 Basic Antenna Elements.

1.6 Antenna Arrays.

1.7 Spatial Filtering.

1.8 Adaptive Antenna Arrays.

1.9 Mutual Coupling & Correlation.

1.10 Chapter Summary.

1.11 Problems.

2 Narrowband Array Systems.

2.1 Introduction.

2.2 Adaptive Antenna Terminology.

2.3 Beam Steering.

2.4 Grating Lobes.

2.5 Amplitude Weights.

2.6 Chapter Summary.

2.7 Problems.

3 Wideband Array Processing.

3.1 Introduction.

3.2 Basic concepts.

3.3 A Simple Delay-line Wideband Array.

3.4 Rectangular Arrays as Wideband Beamformers.

3.5 Wideband Beamforming using FIR Filters.

3.6 Chapter Summary.

3.7 Problems.

4 Adaptive Arrays.

4.1 Introduction.

4.2 Spatial Covariance Matrix.

4.3 Multi-beam Arrays.

4.4 Scanning Arrays.

4.5 Switched Beam Beamformers.

4.6 Fully Adaptive Beamformers.

4.7 Adaptive Algorithms.

4.8 Source Location Techniques.

4.9 Fourier Method.

4.10 Capon’s Minimum Variance.

4.11 The MUSIC Algorithm.

4.12 ESPRIT.

4.13 Maximum Likelihood Techniques.

4.14 Spatial Smoothing.

4.15 Determination of Number of Signal Sources.

4.16 Blind Beamforming.

4.17 Chapter Summary.

4.18 Problems.

5 Practical Considerations.

5.1 Introduction.

5.2 Signal Processing Constraints.

5.3 Implementation Issues.

5.4 Radiowave Propagation.

5.5 Transmit Beamforming.

5.6 Chapter Summary.

5.7 Problems.

6 Applications.

6.1 Introduction.

6.2 Antenna Arrays for Radar Applications.

6.3 Antenna Arrays for Sonar Applications.

6.4 Antenna Arrays for Biomedical Applications.

6.5 Antenna Arrays for Wireless Communications.

6.6 Chapter Summary.

6.7 Problems.

References.

Index.