Essentials of Specific Learning Disability Identification

Foreword xiii

Series Preface xvii

Acknowledgments xix

One Overview of Specific Learning Disabilities 1
Marlene Sotelo-Dynega, Dawn P. Flanagan, and Vincent C. Alfonso

Two How SLD Manifests in Reading 21
Steven Feifer

Three How SLD Manifests in Mathematics 43
David C. Geary, Mary K. Hoard, and Drew H. Bailey

Four How SLD Manifests in Writing 65
Nancy Mather and Barbara J. Wendling

Five How SLD Manifests in Oral Expression and Listening Comprehension 89
Elisabeth H. Wiig

Six A Response to Intervention (RTI) Approach to SLD Identification 115
Jack M. Fletcher, Amy E. Barth, and Karla K. Stuebing

Seven The Discrepancy/Consistency Approach to SLD Identification Using the PASS Theory 145
Jack A. Naglieri

Eight RTI and Cognitive Hypothesis Testing for Identification and Intervention of Specific Learning Disabilities: The Best of Both Worlds 173
James B. Hale, Kirby L. Wycoff, and Catherine A. Fiorello

Nine Evidence-Based Differential Diagnosis and Treatment of Reading Disabilities With and Without Comorbidities in Oral Language, Writing, and Math: Prevention, Problem-Solving Consultation, and Specialized Instruction 203
Virginia W. Berninger

Ten A CHC-based Operational Definition of SLD: Integrating Multiple Data Sources and Multiple Data-Gathering Methods 233
Dawn P. Flanagan, Vincent C. Alfonso, and Jennifer T. Mascolo

Eleven Separating Cultural and Linguistic Differences (CLD) From Specific Learning Disability (SLD) in the Evaluation of Diverse Students: Difference or Disorder? 299
Samuel O. Ortiz

References 327

Annotated Bibliography 371

About the Editors 375

About the Contributors 377

Author Index 379

Subject Index 397