Acknowledgments.

List of Tables.

List of Figures.

Summary.

1. The Basics.

1.1 The Diode.

1.2 Current Mirrors.

Appendix A.1: Temperature Dependence of the Diode Voltage.

2. Current References.

2.1 PTAT Current References.

2.2 Startup Circuits and Frequency Compensation.

2.3 CTAT Current References.

2.4 Temperature-Independent Current References.

2.5 PTAT[superscript 2] Current Generators.

3. Voltage References.

3.1 Zero-Order References.

3.2 First-Order References.

3.3 Second-Order References (Curvature Correction).

3.4 State-of-the-Art Curvature-Correction Techniques.

4. Designing Precision Reference Circuits.

4.1 Error Sources.

4.2 The Output Stage.

4.3 Designing for Power Supply Rejection and Line Regulation.

Appendix A.4: Error Sources in a Typical First-Order Bandgap.

Appendix B.4: Effect of the Resistors' Temperature Coefficient on a Reference with a Current-Mode Output Stage.

5. Considering the System and the Working Environment.

5.1 Design of the Trim Network.

5.2 Package-Shift Effects.

5.3 System-Related Issues.

5.4 Characterization.

Appendix A.5: Bandgap Trimming Procedure for a Mixed-Mode (Both Voltage-Mode and Current-Mode) Output Stage.

Appendix B.5: Package Shift-Effects in Bandgap Reference Circuits.

Appendix C.5: Derivation of the Time Required for a Reference Circuit to Change a Finite Amount upon a single-Step Stimulus.

Index.

About the Author.