Acknowledgments.

Chapter 1. Introduction.

Chapter 2. Coping with Chaos.

The Counseling Service Unit Pre-9/11.

The CSU Response to 9/11.

Assessing the Community.

Receiving Outside Help.

CSU Expansion.

Connecting with the Firefighting Community.

Connecting with Families.

Family Liaisons.

Moving Forward.

Defining a Timeline for Your Community.

Chapter 3. Understanding Culture.

Cultural Identity.

Applying cultural Identity to Intervention.

Firefighting History and Tradition in New York City.

The FDNY as a paramilitary Organization.

Everyday Life in the Firehouse.

Rituals and Rank.

Common Bonds.

Family Ties That Bind.

Heroics, Media, and Politics.

The Brotherhood and Its Loss.

Chapter 4. Shaping Services to Meet Emerging Needs.

Assessment and Planning.

How the Nature of the Event Shapes the response.

Listening and Responding to Emerging Needs.

Strengthening the CSU Identity.

Establishing Provider Networks.

Building a Staff: Both Peer and Professional.

Care for the Caregivers.

Keeping the Machinery Going: Funding and Resource Development.

Thoughts for the Future.

Chapter 5. Providing Help in the Workplace: The Firehouse Clinician Project.

The Mindset of FDNY Firefighters.

The Intervention: Placing Clinicians in Firehouses.

The Population: Defining Who Needed Services.

Theoretical Orientation.

Intervention Goal.

Selecting and Training Firehouse Clinicians.

The First Visit to the Firehouse.

Revamping Professional Boundaries.

Preparing to Be a Firehouse Clinician.

Termination Countertransference: The time to leave the Firehouse.

Chapter 6. Modifying Psychotherapy for Individuals.

Individual Psychotherapy with Firefighters.

The Parameters of Individual Treatment.

Choosing Individual Psychotherapy.

Implications for Psychotherapy Technique.

Summary.

Chapter 7. Finding Comfort in Groups.

Why Group Intervention?

Therapy Groups versus Support Groups.

Trauma Groups.

On-Site Interventions.

Office-Based Groups: Middle and Later Phase.

Importance of Homogeneity in Group Formation.

Traumatic Bereavement Groups.

Single-Session Groups.

A Final Word about Groups.

Chapter 8. Providing a Home-Based Therapeutic Program for Widows and Children.

Understanding the Experience for Mothers and Children.

Developing CSU Services for Bereaved Families.

Creating a Preliminary Model for the Family Program.

Preliminary trauma, Grief, reconstruction Model.

Implementing the Family Program.

Intervention Goals for Children and Adolescents.

Intervention Goals for Adults.

Therapeutic Approaches.

Lessons Learned.

Chapter 9. Strengthening Connections within the Family at Home.

The Impact of Trauma on Relationships.

Reaching Out to families.

Developing an Effective Intervention.

The Couples Connection Weekend.

Lessons Learned.

Chapter 10. Assisting Retirees in Transition.

When the Losses of 9/11 Were compounded by the Loss of a Job.

The Retiree Experience.

The Stay connected Program.

Lessons Learned.

Chapter 11. Conclusion.

Protracted Time Lines.

Community of Grievers.

Crisis Counseling over the Long Haul.

Public versus private Mourning.

The Value of Pre-planning.

Posttraumatic Growth.

Postscript.

References.

Index.