Emile Peynaud, Docteur-ingenieur, was formerly director in the research department, agronomy and enology station, University of Bordeaux. Since his retirement from active university life, he has continued to act as consultant to approximately a dozen châteaux, wine-cooperatives, and wineries in Spain, Greece, Italy, and Mexico. In addition to his teaching and consultancy work, he is a well known author of nearly 300 scientific articles in specialized reviews as well as a number of books on tasting and enology.