RONALD L. KRUTZ, PhD, P. E., CISSP, ISSEP, is Senior Information Security Researcher for Lockheed Martin Information Technologies. He has worked with distributed computing systems, computer architectures, real-time systems, and information security for more than forty years. Dr. Krutz founded the Carnegie Mellon Research Institute Cybersecurity Center and is coauthor of the bestselling CISSP Prep Guide, also published by Wiley.