PHILLIP J. COOPER is Gund Professor of Liberal Arts at the University of Vermont. A leading authority on public law, he is the author of numerous articles, books, and other materials on administrative and constitutional law, public policy, and public administration. He lives in Burlington, Vermont CHESTER A. NEWLAND is Duggan Distinguished Professor of Public Administration at the University of Southern California. He has served as national president of American Society for Public Administration (ASPA), editor-in-chief of Public Administration Review, and director of the Federal Executive Institute. He is a member of the National Academy of Public Administration. He lives in Sacramento, California and Washington, DC.