Drug dependence;.

Psychological dependence;.

Physical dependence and the withdrawal syndrome;.

Tolerance;.

Types of drug dependence;.

Causes of drug dependence;.

2. Drug dependence in the UK - and elsewhere:;.

Drug dependence in the UK;.

Organisation of treatment services in the UK;.

Sources of epidemiological information;.

The international drug scene;.

Global drug problems;.

3. Drugs of abuse and dependence:;.

Opiates;.

Sedative hypnotics;.

Stimulant drugs;.

Hallucinogens;.

Cannabis;.

Volatile solvents;.

Designer drugs;.

Steroids;.

Over-the-counter medicines;.

Herbal preparations and "natural" medicines;.

The combined use of drugs and alcohol;.

4. Assessment:;.

Introduction;.

Drug history;.

Life history;.

Social-work assessment;.

Family assessment;.

Physical examination;.

General appearance;.

Test of physical dependence on opiates (naloxone hydrochloride);.

Mental state examination;.

Psychological assessment;.

Special investigations;.

Laboratory investigation for drugs;.

Classification of substance-use disorders;.

ICD-10;.

DSM-III-R;.

DSM-IV; 5. General measures of intervention:; Introduction;.

Psychotherapy;.

Drug counselling;.

Behavioural techniques;.

Vocational rehabilitation;.

Therapeutic communities;.

Self-help groups;.

Minnesota Method;.

Crisis intervention;.

In-patient care;.

6. Specific methods of treatment:; .

Opiates;.

Sedative hypnotic drugs;.

LSD and cannabis;.

Cocaine and amphetamine;.

7. Complications of drug abuse and their treatment:;.

Infective complications of injection;.

Psychiatric complications;.

8.Special problems:; The pregnant addict;.

The drug-abusing doctor - the "professional" addict;.

Drug-dependent patients on general medical and surgical wards;.

Drug-dependent patients in accident and emergency departments;.

Drug-dependent patients in the general practitioner's surgery;.

Substance abusers detained in police custody;.

Driving licences;.

Travelling abroad;.

9. Follow-up and treatment outcome:;.

Introduction;.

Natural history of drug dependence;.

Mortality;.

Outcome of treatment;.

Discussion;.

10. Prevention of drug abuse:;.

Introduction;.

Reducing the availability of drugs of abuse;.

Reducing the demand for drugs of abuse;.

Harm reduction;.

Conclusion;.

11. The law and drug-control policy:;.

International controls;.

United Nations drug abuse control organs;.

Control in the UK;.

Appendices: The European Substance Use Database;.

Substance abuse assessment questionnaire;.

Narcotics Anonymous;.

Opiate withdrawal;.

Attendance record