TIMOTHY M. NOLAN, Ph.D., is president of Innovative Outcomes, Inc., in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He is also president of the Applied Strategic Planning Institute, an organization committed to making the strategic-management technology advanced by this book broadly available. His consulting practice is devoted to the related areas of strategy development and innovation. Dr. Nolan's clients range from new businesses to the largest coporations and include for-profit, not-for-profit, and governmental organizations. LEONARD D. GOODSTEIN, Ph.D., is a consulting psychologist based in Washington, D.C., and a senior vice president of Pfeiffer & Company. Dr. Goodstein is the former executive vice president and CEO of the American Psychological Association, and he served as president and chairman of the board of University Associates, Inc., following thirty years as a professor of psychology at three major American universities. As a consultant to management, he specializes in strategic planning and executive development. J. WILLIAM PFEIFFER, Ph.D., J.D., president of Pfeiffer & Company, is an experienced consultant to business and government. He has served on the faculties of the University of Iowa, Indiana University, Indiana University Medical Center, and Purdue University. He has been the editor, co-editor, or co-author of numerous books on strategic planning and human resource development (including Pfeiffer & Company's Annual series in Human Resource Development and ten volumes of A Handbook of Structured Experiences for Human Relations Training).