Green Chemistry for Environmental Remediation

Foreword xix

Part 1. Green Chemistry and Societal Sustainability 1

1. Environment and the Role of Green Chemistry 3

2. The Greening of the Chemical Industry: Past, Present and Challenges Ahead 35

3. Designing Sustainable Chemical Synthesis: The Influence of Chemistry on Process Design 79

4. Green Chemical Processing in the Teaching Laboratory: Microwave Extraction of Natural Products 107

5. Ensuring Sustainability through Microscale Chemistry 119

6. Capability Development and Technology Transfer Essential for Economic Transformation 137

Part 2. Green Lab Technologies 153

7. Ultrasound Cavitation as a Green Processing Technique in the Design and Manufacture of Pharmaceutical Nanoemulsions in Drug Delivery System 155

8. Microwave-Enhanced Methods for Biodiesel Production and Other Environmental Applications 209

9. Emergence of Base Catalysts for Synthesis of Biodiesel 251

10. Hydrothermal Technologies for the Production of Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass 291

11. Ionic Liquids in Green Chemistry Prediction of Ionic Liquids Toxicity Using Cell Models 343

12. Nano-catalyst: A Second Generation Tool for Green Chemistry 357

13. Green Polymer Synthesis: An Overview on Use of Microwave-Irradiation 379

Part 3. Green Bio-energy Sources 425

14. Bioenergy as a Green Technology Frontier 427

15. Biofuels as Suitable Replacement for Fossil Fuels 451

16. Biocatalysts-Greener Solutions 479

17. Lignocellulosics as a Renewable Feedstock for Chemical Industry. Chemical Hydrolysis and Pretreatment Processes 505

18. Lignocellulosics as a Renewable Feedstock for Chemical Industry Chemicals from Lignin 561

19. Genome Enabled Technologies in Green Chemistry 611

Part 4. Green Solutions for Remediation 627

20. Green Biotechnology for Municipal and Industrial Wastewater 629

21. Phytoremediation of Cadmium: A Green Approach 659

22. A Closer Look at “Green” Glass: Remediation with Organosilica Sol-Gels Through the Application of Green Chemistry 697

23. Modification and Applications of Guar Gum in the Field of Green Chemistry 727