1. History and Organization of Blood Management

• Blood management as a program
  
• The administrative part
  
• The physician's part

2. Physiology of Anemia and Oxygen Transport

• Regular physiology
  
• Physiology of anemia
  
• Relationship between oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption
  
• Practical implications

3. Anemia Therapy, Part 1 (EPO, NESP and Anabolics)

• Erythropoietin in normal erythropoiesis
  
• Erythropoietin as a drug
  
• Novel erythropoiesis stimulating protein (NESP, Darbepoetin)
  
• Anabolic steroids

4. Fluids

• Need for fluid therapy
  
• Basics of volume household and iv fluids
  
• Crystalloid solutions
  
• Colloid solutions
  
• Side effects
  
• Fluids at work
  
• Influence of fluid therapy on blood management

5. Use of Autologous Blood

• Preoperative autologous donation
  
• Hemodilution
  
• Comparison of PAD and ANH
  
• Platelet and Plasmapheresis

6. Preparation of the Patient for Surgery

• History and physical examination
  
• Laboratory and other tests
  
• Plan of care
  
• Preparation

7. Law, Ethics, Religion and Blood Management

• Principles as basis for decision-making in blood management
  
• Principles of bioethics
  
• Human rights and patient's rights
  
• Excursus
  
• Jehovah's Witnesses
  
• Compassionate use

8. Recombinant Blood Products

• Basics of recombinant drugs
  
• Use of recombinant blood proteins in blood management
  
• Comparison of recombinant and plasma-derived blood proteins

9. Anemia Therapy, Part 2 (Hematinics

• Physiology of erythropoiesis and hemoglobin synthesis
  
• Iron therapy in blood management
  
• Copper
  
• Vitamin therapy in blood management
  
• Interactions of hematinics
  
• Implications for blood management

10. Iatrogenic Blood Loss

• Causes of iatrogenic blood loss
  
• The role of iatrogenic blood loss in blood management
  
• Avoidance of iatrogenic blood loss

11. Antifibrinolytics, Vitamin K and Estrogens

• Antifibrinolytics
  
• Desmopressin
  
• Vitamins of the K-Group
  
• Conjugated estrogens and other hormones
  
• Other hemostatic drugs

12. Surgery: They Physics of Hemostasis

• Basics of surgical techniques
  
• Surgical tools
  
• Methods to achieve hemostasis and to avoid undue blood loss
  
• Positioning
  
• Methods for surgical cutting

13. Cell Salvage

• Cell savers
  
• Advantages of cell salvage
  
• Practical considerations for cell salvage
  
• Risks and side effects of cell salvage
  
• Concerns: how to overcome contraindications
  
• Indications for cell salvage
  
• Cell salvage and concomitant diseases

14. Tranfusions, Part A (Cellular Components, Plasma)

• Why do physicians transfuse?
  
• Ordering blood products
  
• Risks and side effects of transfusions
  
• Outcome measures
  
• Guidelines
  
• Leukoreduction
  
• Massive transfusion
  
• Practical management of transfusion
  
• Levels of evidence/grades of recommendations

15. Oxygen Therapy

• Physics and physiology of oxygen
  
• Oxygen, friend and enemy
  
• Efects of pressurized oxygen on the human body
  
• Normobaric inhalational oxygen therapy
  
• Hyperbaric oxygen
  
• Oxygen in blood management

16. Artificial Blood Components

• Artificial oxygen carriers
  
• Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOC)
  
• Perfluorocarbons (PFC)
  
• Artificial oxygen carriers in blood mangement
  
• Other attempts to make artificial blood components

17. Transfusions, Part B (Plasma Fractions)

• The anatomy of plasma
  
• Plasma fractions
  
• Plasma fractions in blood management
  
• Approaches to reduce the use of plasmatic fractions

18. Blood Banking

• Blood safety
  
• What is test for in blood products and how
  
• Storage and delivery
  
• Whole blood to cellular components
  
• Leukocyte depletion
  
• Bacterial contamination
  
• Plasma fractionation
  
• Pathogen reduction
  
• The interaction of blood banks and clinicians

19. Cost Considerations

• Basics of medical economy
  
• Methods to calculate costs of a medical product or service
  
• Costs of transfusion
  
• Costs of methods to reduce transfusion requirements
  
• Costs of a blood management program

20. Step by Step to an Organized Blood Management System.

21. Law, ethics, religion, and blood management.

22.Step by step to an organized blood management program.

Appendix A: Detailed information.

Appendix B: Sources of information for blood management.

Appendix C: Program tools and forms.

Appendix D: Teaching aids: research and projects.

Appendix E: Address book.

Index