Acknowledgments.

1. Who is a Good Representative?.

An Ethics of Democratic Representation.

The Proper Scope of an Ethics of Democratic Representation.

Three Assumptions.

The Theoretical Contribution of The Good Representative.

The Structure of The Good Representative.

2. Moving beyond Descriptive Representation.

Democratic Representation and Descriptive Representation.

Two Problems with Descriptive Representation.

Justifying the Silence about Criteria.

The Need for Criteria.

The Need for Democratic Standards.

3. Democratic Advocacy and Good Democratic Representation.

The Scope of Democratic Representation.

Sources of Authority for Democratic Representatives.

Holding Democratic Representatives Accountable.

Existing Standards for Identifying Bad Representatives.

Why Democratic Standards?.

The Importance of Function.

The Three Virtues.

Democracy and Democratic Citizens’ Preferences.

4. The Virtue of Fair-Mindedness.

Political Efficacy.

Democratic Efficacy.

Why Civic Equality?.

The Meaning of Civic Equality.

Using the First Virtue to Evaluate Representatives.

Two Problems with the First Virtue.

5. The Virtue of Critical Trust Building.

Democratic Representation and Participation.

Problems with Evaluating Representatives by Citizen Participation.

The Virtue of Critical Trust Building.

Promoting Critical Trust.

Problems with the Second Virtue.

6. The Virtue of Good Gatekeeping.

Developing the Right Relationships.

The Scope of Mutual Relations.

The Virtue of Good Gatekeeping.

A Perspective of Exclusion.

Problems with the Third Virtue.

Conclusion.

7. Preferable Democratic Representatives: Real-World Political Virtues.

Preferability and the Virtues.

Preferability and System-Dependency.

Are Good Descriptive Representatives Good Democratic Representatives?.

Choosing among the Virtues.

Bad Democratic Representatives.

Notes.

References.

Index