Acute and Critical Care Medicine at a Glance, 2nd Edition

Acknowledgements 7

Units, symbols and abbreviations 8

Part 1 General.

1 Recognizing the unwell patient 12

2 Admission and ongoing management of the acutely unwell patient 14

3 Monitoring in acute and critical care medicine 16

4 Oxygen transport 18

5 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 20

6 Shock 22

7 Circulatory assessment 24

8 Fluid management 26

9 Fluid choice: specific situations 28

10 Inotropes and vasopressors 29

11 Failure of oxygenation and respiratory failure 30

12 Oxygenation and oxygen therapy 32

13 Airways obstruction and management 34

14 Non-invasive ventilation 36

15 Endotracheal intubation 38

16 Mechanical ventilation 40

17 Respiratory management, weaning and tracheostomy 42

18 Arterial blood gases and acid–base balance 44

19 Analgesia, sedation and paralysis 46

20 Enteral and parenteral nutrition 48

21 Hypothermia and hyperthermia 50

22 SIRS, sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock 52

23 Hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infections 54

24 End of life issues 56

Part 2 Medical.

Cardiac.

25 Acute coronary syndromes I: clinical pathophysiology 58

26 Acute coronary syndromes II: investigations and management 60

27 Arrhythmias 62

28 Heart failure and pulmonary oedema 64

29 Cardiac emergencies 66

30 Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism 68

Respiratory.

31 Community-acquired pneumonia 70

32 Hospital-acquired (nosocomial) pneumonia 72

33 Asthma 74

34 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 76

35 Acute respiratory distress syndrome 78

36 Pneumothorax and air leaks 80

37 Respiratory emergencies 82

Renal and metabolic.

38 Acute kidney injury: pathophysiology and clinical aspects 84

39 Acute kidney injury: management and renal replacement therapy 86

40 Diabetic emergencies 88

41 Endocrine emergencies 90

Gastrointestinal.

42 Gastrointestinal haemorrhage 92

43 Acute liver failure 94

44 Acute pancreatitis 96

Neurological.

45 Acute confusional state, coma and status epilepticus 98

46 Neurological emergencies: cerebrovascular accidents 100

47 Neurological emergencies: infective 101

48 Neuromuscular conditions 102

Other systems.

49 Coagulation disorders and transfusion 104

50 Drug overdose and poisoning 106

51 The immune compromised patient 108

Part 3 Surgical.

52 Trauma 110

53 Head injury 112

54 Chest trauma 114

55 Acute abdominal emergencies 116

56 Obstetric emergencies 118

57 Burns, toxic inhalation and electrical injuries 120

Part 4 Self-assessment.

Case studies and questions 122

Case studies answers 125

Appendices.

Appendix I: Classifi cation of antiarrhythmic drugs 132

Appendix II: Acute injury network staging system 2008 for acute kidney injury 132

Appendix III: Rockall risk-scoring system for GI bleeds 133

Appendix IV: Child–Pugh grading 133

Appendix V: Typical criteria for liver transplantation 133

Index 135