The characteristics of the basic elements and the cardiac functions will be highlighted in this volume. In their contributions, the authors concentrate on the analysis and integration of the interactions of the micro-scale cellular elements, as well as of the macro-scale phenomena and their effects on the function of the cardiovascular system.

The general goals of the cardiac workshop of which this volume is the proceedings were to (1) foster interdisciplinary interaction between leading world scientists and clinical cardiologists so as to identify "black holes" and catalyze new research ideas; (2) relate basic micro-scale, molecular, and subcellular phenomena to the clinically manifested cardiac performance; (3) apply conceptual modeling and quantitative analysis to better explore, describe, and understand cardiac physiology; (4) interpret available clinical data and design new revealing experiments; and (5) enhance international cooperation in the search for the secrets of life and their implications in cardiac pathophysiology.

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