Joan E. Lynaugh, PhD, FAAN, is Professor Emeritus, School of Nursing, and Associate Director, Center for the Study of the History of Nursing at the University of Pennsylvania. She is a nurse and historian whose interests include the history of health care and the health professions in the United States, health care delivery, especially for the aged and chronically ill, and specialty preparation for nursing practice in primary care. She edits Nursing History Review, the official journal of the American Association of the History of Nursing, and has served for fourteen years on the Board of Trustees of the Visiting Nurse Association of Greater Philadelphia, where she is still vice chair.

Barbara L. Brush, PhD, RNC, is an Assistant Professor at the Boston College School of Nursing, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. She completed her doctoral and masters degrees at the University of Pennsylvania as well as a post doctoral fellowship at the Center for the Study of the History of Nursing. Her research in history and policy, particularly around issues of nurse manpower, immigration, workforce stratification, and nurse/hospital relations has been the subject of numerous book chapters, articles and papers.