This book seeks to illuminate the organizational and social dimensions of Global Information Systems. It provides a broad and historical perspective on the developments of the geographic information society and on its connection to the information technology field, so as to better understand the issues and problems associated with the implementation, the diffusion, and the social use of GIS in organizations. Then, the reader is invited to explore various organizational and social contexts of GIS implementation from a thematic perspective of consultation and participation, related to different geographic and cultural fields in Europe, the United States, and Canada.