Thinking as association.

Thinking as a response to biological demands.

Thinking as adaptation to the environment.

Thinking as cognitive restructuring.

Thinking as a resolving discrepancies.

Part 2: Reasoning.

Insight learning.

Cognitive style.

Human reasoning.

Decision making.

Part 3: Representation.

Concept formation.

Schemas.

Scripts.

Cognitive maps.

Part 4: The Development of Representation.

Modes of representation.

Representation and revision strategies.

Development of schemata.

Part 5: Problem Solving.

Trail-and-error learning.

Learning sets.

Lateral thinking.

Brainstorming.

Part 6: Computer Modelling.

Computer simulation.

Artificial Intelligence.

Assignments.

Further Reading.

References.

Glossary.

Answers to Self-Assessment Questions.