Oil Refineries in the 21st Century

1 Introduction.

2 Technological and Energy Characteristics of the Chemical Process Industry.

2.1 Possibilities for Process-Efficiency Management Based on Existing Economic and Financial Instruments and Product Specifications in Coupled Manufacturing.

2.2 Importance of Energy for Crude-Oil Processing in Oil Refineries.

3 Techno-economic Aspects of Efficiency and Effectiveness of an Oil Refinery.

3.1 Techno-economic Aspects of Energy Efficiency and Effectiveness in an Oil Refinery.

3.2 Techno-economic Aspects of Process Efficiency and Effectiveness in an Oil Refinery.

4 Instruments for Determining Energy and Processing Efficiency of an Oil Refinery.

4.1 Instruments for Determining Energy and Processing Efficiency of Crude Distillation Unit.

4.2 Instruments for Determining Energy and Processing Efficiency of Vacuumdistillation Unit.

4.3 Instruments for Determining Energy and Processing Efficiency of Vacuumresidue Visbreaking Unit.

4.4 Instruments for Determining Energy and Processing Efficiency of Bitumen Blowing Unit.

4.5 Instruments for Determining Energy and Processing Efficiency of Catalytic Reforming Unit.

4.6 Instruments for Determining Energy and Processing Efficiency of Catalytic Cracking Unit.

4.7 Instruments for Determining Energy and Processing Efficiency of Gas Concentration Unit.

4.8 Instruments for Determining Energy and Processing Efficiency of Jet-fuel Hydrodesulfurization Unit.

4.9 Instruments for Determining Energy and Processing Efficiency of Gas-Oil Hydrodesulfurization Unit.

4.10 Instruments for Determining Energy and Processing Efficiency of Alkylation Unit.

5 Blending of Semi-Products into Finished Products and Determining Finished Product Cost Prices.

6 Management in the Function of Increasing Energy and Processing Efficiency and Effectiveness.

6.1 Management in the Function of Increasing Energy Efficiency and Effectiveness.

6.2 Management in the Function of Increasing Processing Efficiency and Effectiveness.

References.

Subject Index.