1 Macroscopic Characteristics of Strain of Metallic Materials at High Temperatures.

2 In situ X-ray Investigation Technique.

2.1 Experimental Installation.

2.2 Measurement Procedure.

2.3 Measurements of Structural Parameters.

2.4 Diffraction Electron Microscopy.

2.5 Amplitude of Atomic Vibrations.

2.6 Materials under Investigation.

2.7 Summary.

3 Structural Parameters in High-Temperature Deformed Metals.

3.1 Evolution of Structural Parameters.

3.2 Dislocation Structure.

3.3 Distances between Dislocations in Sub-boundaries.

3.4 Sub-boundaries as Dislocation Sources and Obstacles.

3.5 Dislocations inside Subgrains.

3.6 Vacancy Loops and Helicoids.

3.7 Total Combination of Structural Peculiarities of High-temperature Deformation.

3.8 Summary.

4 Physical Mechanism of Strain at High Temperatures.

4.1 Physical Model and Theory.

4.2 Velocity of Dislocations.

4.3 Dislocation Density.

4.4 Rate of the Steady-State Creep.

4.5 Effect of Alloying: Relationship between Creep Rate and Mean-Square Atomic Amplitudes.

4.6 Formation of Jogs.

4.7 Significance of the Stacking Faults Energy.

4.8 Stability of Dislocation Sub-boundaries.

4.9 Scope of the Theory.

4.10 Summary.

5 Simulation of the Parameters Evolution.

5.1 Parameters of the Physical Model.

5.2 Equations.

5.2.1 Strain Rate.

5.2.2 Change in the Dislocation Density.

5.2.3 The Dislocation Slip Velocity.

5.2.4 The Dislocation Climb Velocity.

5.2.5 The Dislocation Spacing in Sub-boundaries.

5.2.6 Variation of the Subgrain Size.

5.2.7 System of Differential Equations.

5.3 Results of Simulation.

5.4 Density of Dislocations during Stationary Creep.

5.5 Summary.

6 High-temperature Deformation of Superalloys.

6.1 γ Phase in Superalloys.

6.2 Changes in the Matrix of Alloys during Strain.

6.3 Interaction of Dislocations and Particles.

6.4 Creep Rate. Length of Dislocation Segments.

6.5 Mechanism of Strain and the Creep Rate Equation.

6.6 Composition of the γ Phase and Atomic Vibrations.

6.7 Influence of the Particle Size and Concentration.

6.8 The Prediction of Properties.

6.9 Summary.

7 Single Crystals of Superalloys.

7.1 Effect of Orientation on Properties.

7.2 Deformation at Lower Temperatures.

7.3 Deformation at Higher Temperatures.

7.4 On the Composition of Superalloys.

7.5 Rafting.

7.6 Effect of Composition and Temperature on γ/γ Misfit.

7.7 Other Creep Equations.

7.8 Summary.

8 Deformation of Some Refractory Metals.

8.1 The Creep Behavior.

8.2 Alloys of Refractory Metals.

8.3 Summary.

Supplements.

Supplement 1: On Dislocations in the Crystal Lattice.

Supplement 2: On Screw Components in Sub-boundary Dislocation Networks.

Supplement 3: Composition of Superalloys.

References.

Acknowledgements.

Index.