1 Integrated Process Design.

1.1 Motivation and Objectives.

1.2 Sustainable Process Design.

1.3 Integrated Process Design.

1.4 Summary.

2 Process Synthesis by Hierarchical Approach.

2.1 Hierarchical Approach of Process Design.

2.2 Basis of Design.

2.3 Chemistry and Thermodynamics.

2.4 Input/Output Analysis.

2.5 Reactor/Separation/Recycle Structure.

2.6 Separation System Design.

2.7 Optimization of Material Balance.

2.8 Process Integration.

2.9 Integration of Design and Control.

2.10 Summary.

3 Synthesis of Separation System.

3.1 Methodology.

3.2 Vapor Recovery and Gas-Separation System.

3.3 Liquid-Separation System.

3.4 Separation of Zeotropic Mixtures by Distillation.

3.5 Enhanced Distillation.

3.6 Hybrid Separations.

3.7 Azeotropic Distillation.

3.8 Reactive Separations.

3.9 Summary.

4 Reactor/Separation/Recycle Systems.

4.1 Introduction.

4.2 Plantwide Control Structures.

4.3 Processes Involving One Reactant.

4.4 Processes Involving Two Reactants.

4.5 The Effect of the Heat of Reaction.

4.6 Example – Toluene Hydrodealkylation Process.

4.7 Conclusions.

5 Phenol Hydrogenation to Cyclohexanone.

5.1 Basis of Design.

5.2 Chemical Reaction Analysis.

5.3 Thermodynamic Analysis.

5.4 Input/Output Structure.

5.5 Reactor/Separation/Recycle Structure.

5.6 Separation System.

5.7 Material-Balance Flowsheet.

5.8 Energy Integration.

5.9 One-Reactor Process.

5.10 Process Dynamics and Control.

5.11 Environmental Impact.

5.12 Conclusions.

6 Alkylation of Benzene by Propylene to Cumene.

6.1 Basis of Design.

6.2 Reaction-Engineering Analysis.

6.3 Reactor/Separator/Recycle Structure.

6.4 Mass Balance and Simulation.

6.5 Energy Integration.

6.6 Complete Process Flowsheet.

6.7 Reactive Distillation Process.

6.8 Conclusions.

7 Vinyl Chloride Monomer Process.

7.1 Basis of Design.

7.2 Reactions and Thermodynamics.

7.3 Chemical-Reaction Analysis.

7.4 Reactor Simulation.

7.5 Separation System.

7.6 Material-Balance Simulation.

7.7 Energy Integration.

7.8 Dynamic Simulation and Plantwide Control.

7.9 Plantwide Control of Impurities.

7.10 Conclusions.

8 Fatty-Ester Synthesis by Catalytic Distillation.

8.1 Introduction.

8.2 Methodology.

8.3 Esterifi cation of Lauric Acid with 2-Ethylhexanol.

8.4 Esterifi cation of Lauric Acid with Methanol.

8.5 Esterifi cation of Lauric Acid with Propanols.

8.6 Conclusions.

9 Isobutane Alkylation.

9.1 Introduction.

9.2 Basis of Design.

9.3 Input–Output Structure.

9.4 Reactor/Separation/Recycle.

9.5 Separation Section.

9.6 Plantwide Control and Dynamic Simulation.

9.7 Discussion.

9.8 Conclusions.

10 Vinyl Acetate Monomer Process.

10.1 Basis of Design.

10.2 Reactions and Thermodynamics.

10.3 Input–Output Analysis.

10.4 Reactor/Separation/Recycles.

10.5 Separation System.

10.6 Material-Balance Simulation.

10.7 Energy Integration.

10.8 Plantwide Control.

10.9 Conclusions.

11 Acrylonitrile by Propene Ammoxidation.

11.1 Problem Description.

11.2 Reactions and Thermodynamics.

11.3 Chemical-Reactor Analysis.

11.4 The First Separation Step.

11.5 Liquid-Separation System.

11.6 Heat Integration.

11.7 Water Minimization.

11.8 Emissions and Waste.

11.9 Final Flowsheet.

11.10 Further Developments.

11.11 Conclusions.

12 Biochemcial Process for NOx Removal.

12.1 Introduction.

12.2 Basis of Design.

12.3 Process Selection.

12.4 The Mathematical Model.

12.5 Sizing of the Absorber and Bioreactor.

12.6 Flowsheet and Process Control.

12.7 Conclusions.

13 PVC Manufacturing by Suspension Polymerization.

13.1 Introduction.

13.2 Large-Scale Reactor Technology.

13.3 Kinetics of Polymerization.

13.4 Molecular-Weight Distribution.

13.5 Kinetic Constants.

13.6 Reactor Design.

13.7 Design of the Reactor.

13.8 Conclusions.

14 Biodiesel Manufacturing.

14.1 Introduction to Biofuels.

14.2 Fundamentals of Biodiesel Manufacturing.

14.3 Manufacturing Processes.

14.4 Kinetics and Catalysis.

14.5 Reaction-Engineering Issues.

14.6 Phase-Separation Issues.

14.7 Application.

14.8 Conclusions.

15 Bioethanol Manufacturing.

15.1 Introduction.

15.2 Bioethanol as Fuel.

15.3 Economic Aspects.

15.4 Ecological Aspects.

15.5 Raw Materials.

15.6 Biorefi nery Concept.

15.7 Fermentation.

15.8 Manufacturing Technologies.

15.9 Process Design: Ethanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass.

15.10 Conclusions.

Appendix A Residue Curve Maps for Reactive Mixtures.

Appendix B Heat-Exchanger Design.

Appendix C Materials of Construction.

Appendix D Saturated Steam Properties.

Appendix E Vapor Pressure of Some Hydrocarbons.

Appendix F Vapor Pressure of Some Organic Components.

Appendix G Conversion Factors to SI Units.

Index.