COMPREHENSIVE DRYING MODELS BASED ON VOLUME AVERAGING. BACKGROUND, APPLICATION AND PERSPECTIVE
Microscopic Foundations of the Macroscopic Formulation
The Macroscopic Set of Equations
Physical Phenomena Embedded in the Equations
Computational Strategy to Solve the Comprehensive Set of Macroscopic Equations
Possibilities Offered by this Modeling Approach: Convective Drying
Possibilities Offered by this Modeling Approach: Less-Common Drying Configurations
Homogenization as a Way to Supply the Code with Physical Parameters
The Multiscale Approach
PORE-NETWORK MODELS: A POWERFUL TOOL TO STUDY DRYING AT THE PORE LEVEL AND UNDERSTAND THE INFLUENCE OF STRUCTURE ON DRYING KINETICS
Introduction
Isothermal Drying Model
Model Extensions
Influence of Pore Structure
Towards an Assessment of Continuous Models
CONTINUOUS THERMOMECHANICAL MODELS USING VOLUME-AVERAGING THEORY
Introduction
Modeling
Simulation
Liquid Pressure as Driving Force
Conclusions
CONTINUOUS THERMOHYDROMECHANICAL MODEL USING THE THEORY OF MIXTURES
Preliminaries
Global Balance Equations
Constitutive Equations in the Skeletal Frame of Reference
Rate Equations for Heat and Mass Transfer
Differential Equations for Heat and Mass Transfer
Thermomechanical Equations for a Drying Body
Drying of a Cylindrical Sample made of Kaolin
Final Remarks
CFD IN DRYING TECHNOLOGY -
SPRAY-DRYER SIMULATION
Introduction
The Euler-Lagrange Approach: An Extended Model for Spray-Dryer Calculations
Droplet-Drying Models
Collisions of Particles
Example of a Spray-Dryer Calculation
Prediction of Product Properties
Summary
NUMERICAL METHODS ON POPULATION BALANCES
Introduction
Pure Breakage
Pure Aggregation
Pure Growth
Combined Aggregation and Breakage
Combined Aggregation and Nucleation
Combined Growth and Aggregation
Combined Growth and Nucleation
Multidimensional Population Balances
PROCESS-SYSTEMS SIMULATION TOOLS
Introduction
Numerical Calculation Procedures
Heat and Mass Balances
Scoping Design Methods
Scaling Methods
Detailed Design Models
Ancillary Calculations
Process Simulators
Expert Systems and Decision-Making Tools
Knowledge Bases and Qualitative Information
Commercialization of Drying Software
Conclusions