INTRODUCTION TO CATALYSIS
What is Catalysis
Catalysts Can Be Atoms, Molecules, Enzymes and Solid Surfaces
Why is Catalysis Important
Catalysis as a Multidisciplinary Science
The Scope of This Book
Catalysis in Journals
General References to Textbooks in Catalysis
KINETICS
Introduction
The Rate Equation and Power Rate Laws
Reactions and Thermodynamic Equilibrium
Temperature Dependence of the Rate
Integrated Rate Equations: Time Dependence of Concentrations in Reactions of Different Orders
Coupled Reactions in Flow Reactors: The Steady-state Approximation
Coupled Reactions in Batch Reactors
Catalytic Reactions
Langmuir Adsorption Isotherms
Reaction Mechanisms
Entropy, Entropy Production, Auto Catalysis and Oscillating Reactions
Kinetics of Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions
REACTION RATE THEORY
Introduction
The Boltzmann Distribution and the Partition Function
Partition Functions of Atoms and Molecules
Molecules in Equilibrium
Collision Theory
Activation of Reacting Molecules by Collisions: The Lindermann Theory
Transition State Theory
Transition State Theory of Surface Reactions
Summary
CATALYST CHARACTERIZATION
Introduction
X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS)
Electron Microscopy
Mössbauer Spectroscopy
Ion Spectroscopy: SIMS, LEIS, RBS
Temperature-programmed Reduction, Oxidation and Sulfidation
Infrared Spectroscopy
Surface Science Techniques
Concluding Remarks
SOLID CATALYSTS
Requirements of a Successful Catalyst
Structure of Metals, Oxides and Sulfides and their Surfaces
Characteristics of Small Particles and Porous Material
Catalyst Supports
Preparation of Supported Catalysts
Unsupported Catalysts
Zeolites
Catalyst Testing
SURFACE REACTIVITY
Introduction
Physisorption
Chemical Bonding
Chemisorption
Important Trends in Surface Reactivity
KINETICS OF REACTIONS ON SURFACES
Elementary Surface Reactions
Kinetic Parameters from Fitting Langmuir-Hinshelwood Models
Micro-kinetic Modeling
HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS IN PRACTICE: HYDROGEN
Introduction
Steam Reforming Process
Reactions of Synthesis Gas
Water Gas Shift Reaction
Synthesis of Ammonia
Promoters and Inhibitors
The Hydrogen Society
OIL REFINING AND PRETROCHEMISTRY
Crude Oil
Hydrotreating
Gasoline Production
Petrochemistry: Reactions of Small Olefins
ENVIRONMENTAL CATALYSIS
Introduction
Automotive Exhaust Catalysis
Air Pollution by Large Stationary Sources
QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES
Appendix A
Index