Oxide Scale Behavior in High Temperature Metal Processing

1. INTRODUCTION

2. ROLE OF SECONDARY OXIDE SCALE DURING HOT ROLLING AND FOR SUBSEQUENT PRODUCT QUALITY
Friction
Heat Transfer
Thermal Evolution in Hot Rolling
Secondary Scale Related Defects

3. SCALE GROWTH AND FORMATION OF SUBSURFACE LAYERS
High Temperature Oxidation of Steel
Formation and Structure of the Subsurface Layer in Aluminum Rolling

4. METHODOLOGY FOR NUMERICAL CHARACTERISATION OF THE OXIDE SCALE IN THERMOMECHANICAL PROCESSING
Combination of Experiments and Computer Modelling: A Key for the Scale Characterisation
Prediction of Mild Steel Oxide Failure at Entry into the Roll Gap: Evaluation of Strains, Tensile Failure, Steel Oxide Failure, Scale Failure, Verification

5. MEASURING OXIDE SCALE BEHAVIOUR UNDER HOT WORKING CONDITIONS
Laboratory Rolling Experiments
Tensile Testing
Hot Four-Point Bend Testing
Hot Tension Compression Testing
Bending Testing

6. NUMERICAL INTERPRETATION OF TEST RESULTS
Measurement of Separation Loads within the Scale/Metal System
Mathematical Model and Interpretation of Experimental Results

7. PHYSICALLY BASED FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF THE OXIDE SCALE
Fracture, Ductile Behaviour and Sliding
Scale Evolution During Hot Rolling, Multilayer Scales
Multi-Pass Behaviour
Descaling Simulation and Surface Quality

8. OXIDE SCALE MODELLING
Evaluation of Interfacial Heat Transfer
Effect of Chemical Composition on Oxide Scale Evolution and Scale Adhesion
Ways to Maximize Descaling Effectiveness and Improvement of Surface Finish
Modelling of Formation of Stock Surface and Subsurface Layers in Breakdown Rolling of Aluminium Alloys

9. OXIDE SCALE AND THROUGH-PROCESS CHARACTERISATION: INDUSTRIAL INPUT