 Highly Efficient OLEDs with Phosphorescent Materials
ISBN: 978-3-527-40594-7
Hardcover
458 pages
December 2007
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Contributors.
1 Triplet Emitters for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes: Basic Properties (Hartmut Yersin and Walter J. Finkenzeller).
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 Electro-Luminescence and the Population of Excited States.
1.3 Electronic Excitations and Excited States.
1.4 Zero-Field Splitting (ZFS) of the Emitting Triplet, Photophysical Trends, and Ordering Scheme for Organo-Transition Metal Compounds.
1.5 Characterization of the Lowest Triplet State Based on High-Resolution Spectroscopy: Application to Pt(thpy)2.
1.6 Characterization of the Lowest Triplet State Based on Decay Time Measurements: Application to Ir(ppy)3.
1.7 Phosphorescence Dynamics and Spin–Lattice Relaxation: Background and Case Study Applied to Pt(thpy)2.
1.8 The Triplet State Under Application of High Magnetic Fields: Properties of Ir(btp)2(acac).
1.9 Vibrational Satellite Structures: Case Studies Applied to Pt(thpy)2 and Ir(btp)2(acac).
1.10 Environmental Effects on Triplet State Properties: Case Studies Applied to Ir(btp)2(acac).
1.11 Emission Linewidths and Spectral Broadening Effects.
1.12 Conclusions.
2 Spin Correlations in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (Manfred J. Walter and John M. Lupton).
2.1 Introduction.
2.2 Spin-Dependent Recombination of Charge Carriers and Spin-Lattice Relaxation.
2.3 Studying Spin States using Electric Field Modulated Fluorescence and Phosphorescence.
2.4 Summary and Outlook.
3 Cyclometallated Organoiridium Complexes as Emitters in Electrophosphorescent Devices (Peter I. Djurovich and Mark E. Thompson).
3.1 Organic Light-Emitting Devices.
3.2 Phosphorescent Materials as Emitters in OLEDs.
3.3 Organometallic Complexes as Phosphorescent Emitters in OLEDs.
3.4 Confi ning Triplet Excitons and Carriers in Phosphor-Doped OLEDs.
3.5 Cyclometallated Complexes for OLEDs.
3.6 Conclusion.
4 Highly Effi cient Red-Phosphorescent Iridium Complexes (Akira Tsuboyama, Shinjiro Okada, and Kazunori Ueno).
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Issues of Red-Emissive Materials.
4.3 Red-Phosphorescent Iridium Complexes.
4.4 OLED Device.
4.5 Summary.
5 Pyridyl Azolate Based Luminescent Complexes: Strategic Design, Photophysics, and Applications (Yun Chi and Pi-Tai Chou).
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 Ligand Synthesis.
5.3 Phosphorescent OLED Applications.
5.4 Concluding Remarks.
6 Physical Processes in Polymer-Based Electrophosphorescent Devices (Xiao-Hui Yang, Frank Jaiser, and Dieter Neher).
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Phosphorescent Devices Based on PVK.
6.3 Devices with PtOEP Doped into Conjugated Polymer Matrices.
6.4 Conclusion and Outlook.
7 Phosphorescent Platinum(II) Materials for OLED Applications (Hai-Feng Xiang, Siu-Wai Lai, P. T. Lai, and Chi-Ming Che).
7.1 Introduction.
7.2 Device Fabrication and Electroluminescence Measurements.
7.3 Platinum(II) α-Diimine Arylacetylide Complexes.
7.4 Tridentate Pt(II) Complexes.
7.5 Tetradentate Pt(II) Complexes.
7.6 Concluding Remarks.
8 Energy-Transfer Processes between Phosphorescent Guest and Fluorescent Host Molecules in Phosphorescent OLEDs (Isao Tanaka and Shizuo Tokito).
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Electronic Structure and Energy Transfer in Guest–Host Systems.
8.3 Luminescence Properties of Phosphorescent and Fluorescent Materials.
8.4 Energy Transfer of Blue Phosphorescent Molecules in Guest–Host Systems.
8.5 Energy Transfer Between Ir(ppy)3 and Alq3: Enhancement of Phosphorescence from Alq3.
8.6 Energy Transfer Between Ir(ppy)3 and BAlq: Observation of Thermal Equilibrium of Triplet Excited States.
8.7 Conclusion.
9 High-Effi ciency Phosphorescent Polymer LEDs (Addy van Dijken, Klemens Brunner, Herbert Börner, and Bea M.W. Langeveld).
9.1 Introduction.
9.2 The Route Toward High-Effi ciency OLEDs.
9.3 Singlet and Triplet Excited States.
9.4 Phosphorescent Emitters.
9.5 Host Materials for Phosphorescent Emitters.
9.6 Outlook.
10 Electroluminescence from Metal-Containing Polymers and Metal Complexes with Functional Ligands (Chris Shuk Kwan Mak, and Wai Kin Chan).
10.1 Introduction.
10.2 Traditional Materials Used in OLEDs.
10.3 Development of Phosphorescent Materials for OLEDS.
10.4 Ruthenium Containing Polymers.
10.5 Summary.
11 Molecular Engineering of Iridium Complexes and their Application in Organic Light Emitting Devices (Mohammad K. Nazeeruddin, Cedric Klein, Michael Grätzel, Libero Zuppiroli, and Detlef Berner).
11.1 Introduction.
11.2 Phosphorescent Iridium Complexes.
11.3 Application of Iridium Complexes in Organic Light-Emitting Devices (OLEDs).
12 Progress in Electroluminescence Based on Lanthanide Complexes (Zu-Qiang Bian and Chun-Hui Huang).
12.1 Introduction.
12.2 The Device Construction and Operating Principles.
12.3 The Red Electroluminescence Based on Europium Complexes.
12.4 The Green Electroluminescence Based on Terbium Complexes.
12.5 The Near Infrared Electroluminescence Based on Neodymium, Erbium, or Ytterbium Complexes.
12.6 The Ligand Emission Electroluminescence Based on Yttrium, Lanthanum, Gadolinium, or Lutetium Complexes.
12.7 Conclusion.
Index.
