A valuable learning tool as well as a reference, this book provides students and researchers in surface science and nanoscience with the theoretical crystallographic foundations, which are necessary to understand local geometries and symmetries of bulk crystals, including ideal single crystal surfaces. The author deals with the subject at an introductory yet mathematically sound level, providing numerous graphic examples to keep the math in context. The book brings together and logically connects many seemingly disparate structural issues and notations used frequently by surface scientists and nanoscientists. Numerous exercises of varying difficulty, ranging from simple questions to small research projects, are included to stimulate discussions about the different subjects.