The Bell Labs Technical Journal (BLTJ) highlights key research and development activities across Alcatel-Lucentb within Bell Labs, within the companybs CTO organizations, and in cross-functional projects and initiatives.B It publishs papers and letters by Alcatel-Lucent researchers, scientists, and engineers and co-authors affiliated with universities, government and corporate research labs, and customer companies. Its aim is to promote progress in communications fields worldwide; Bell Labs innovations enable Alcatel-Lucent to deliver leading products, solutions, and services that meet customersb mission critical needs.