 
Applied Electromagnetics: Early Transmission Lines Approach
January 2007, ©2007
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1.1 Electromagnetic Fields.
Electric Fields.
Magnetic Fields.
Field Linkage.
1.2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum.
1.3 Wireless Communications.
1.4 Dealing with Units.
1.5 Working with MATLAB.
MATLAB Programs.
1.6 Wave Fundamentals.
1.7 Phasors.
Summary.
Problems.
CHAPTER 2. Transmission Lines.
2.1 Distributed-Parameter Model.
Coaxial Cable.
Telegraphist’s Equations.
2.2 Time-Harmonic Waves on Transmission Lines.
Characteristic Impedance.
Lossless Line.
2.3 Power Transmission.
2.4 Terminated T-Lines.
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio.
Input Impedance.
Complex Loads.
Special Terminations.
2.5 The Complete Circuit.
2.6 The Smith Chart.
Smith Chart Derivation.
Using the Smith Chart.
Impedance Measurement.
2.7 Impedance Matching.
Quarter-Wave Transformer.
Matching with the Smith Chart.
Admittance of Shunt Stubs.
Shunt Stub Matching.
2.8 Transients.
Pulse Response.
Practical Application: Schottky-Diode Terminations.
Reactive Loads.
Time-Domain Reflectometry.
2.9 Dispersion.
Summary.
Problems.
CHAPTER 3. Electrostatics.
3.1 Vectors in the Cartesian Coordinate System.
3.2 Coulomb’s Law.
Electric Field Intensity.
Field Lines.
3.3 The Spherical Coordinate System.
3.4 Line Charges and the Cylindrical Coordinate System.
Infinite Length Line of Charge.
Ring of Charge.
3.5 Surface and Volume Charge.
Volume Charge.
Practical Application: Laser Printer.
3.6 Electric Flux Density.
3.7 Gauss’s Law and Applications.
Coaxial Cable.
3.8 Divergence and the Point Form of Gauss’s Law.
3.9 Electric Potential.
Gradient.
3.10 Conductors and Ohm’s Law.
Current and Current Density.
Joule’s Law.
3.11 Dielectrics.
Practical Application: Electret Microphone.
3.12 Boundary Conditions.
3.13 Boundary Value Problems.
3.14 Capacitance.
Electrostatic Potential Energy.
Practical Application: Electrolytic Capacitors.
Summary.
Problems.
CHAPTER 4. Magnetostatics.
4.1. Magnetic Fields and Cross Product.
Oersted’s Experiment.
4.2 Biot-Savart’s Law.
Solenoid.
Surface and Volume Current Densities.
4.3 Ampe`re’s Circuital Law.
4.4 Curl and the Point Form of Ampe`re’s Circuital Law.
Stoke’s Theorem.
4.5 Magnetic Flux Density.
4.6 Magnetic Forces.
Force on a Current Element.
Magnetic Torque and Moment.
Practical Application: Loudspeakers.
4.7 Magnetic Materials.
4.8 Boundary Conditions.
4.9 Inductance and Magnetic Energy.
Mutual Inductance.
Magnetic Energy.
4.10 Magnetic Circuits.
Electromagnets.
Practical Application: Maglev.
Summary.
Problems.
CHAPTER 5. Dynamic Fields.
5.1 Current Continuity and Relaxation Time.
5.2 Faraday’s Law and Transformer EMF.
Transformer EMF.
Transformers.
Point Form of Faraday’s Law.
5.3 Faraday’s Law and Motional EMF.
Generators.
5.4 Displacement Current.
5.5 Maxwell’s Equations.
5.6 Lossless TEM Waves.
5.7 Time-Harmonic Fields and Phasors.
Summary.
Problems.
CHAPTER 6. Plane Waves.
6.1 General Wave Equations.
Time-Harmonic Wave Equations.
Propagating Fields Relation.
6.2 Propagation in Lossless, Charge-Free Media.
6.3 Propagation in Dielectrics.
Low-Loss Dielectrics.
Loss Tangent.
6.4 Propagation in Conductors.
Current in Conductors.
6.5 The Poynting Theorem and Power Transmission.
UPW Power Transmission.
6.6 Polarization.
Practical Application: Liquid Crystal Displays.
6.7 Reflection and Transmission at Normal Incidence.
General Case.
Standing Waves.
6.8 Reflection and Transmission at Oblique Incidence.
TE Polarization.
TM Polarization.
Summary.
Problems.
CHAPTER 7. Waveguides.
7.1 Rectangular Waveguide Fundamentals.
Wave Propagation.
Waveguide Impedance.
Practical Application: Microwave Ovens.
7.2 Waveguide Field Equations.
TM Mode.
TE Mode.
7.3 Dielectric Waveguide.
TE Mode.
TM Mode.
Field Equations.
7.4 Optical Fiber.
Numerical Aperture.
Signal Degradation.
Attenuation.
Graded-Index Fiber.
7.5 Fiber-Optic Communication Systems.
Optical Sources.
Optical Detectors.
Repeaters and Optical Amplifiers.
Connections.
7.6 Optical Link Design.
Power Budget.
Rise-Time Budget.
Summary.
Suggested References.
Problems.
CHAPTER 8. Antennas.
8.1 General Properties.
Radiated Power.
Radiation Patterns.
Directivity.
Impedance and Efficiency.
A Commercial Antenna.
8.2 Electrically Short Antennas.
Vector Magnetic Potential.
The Hertzian Dipole.
The Small Loop Antenna.
8.3 Dipole Antennas.
Derivation of Fields.
Antenna Properties.
Half-Wave Dipole.
8.4 Monopole Antennas.
Image Theory.
Antenna Properties.
Practical Considerations.
8.5 Antenna Arrays.
Pair of Hertzian Dipoles.
N-Element Linear Array.
Parasitic Arrays.
8.6 The Friis Transmission Equation.
Polarization Efficiency.
Receiver Matching.
8.7 Radar.
Doppler Frequency Shift.
8.8 Antennas for Wireless Communications.
Parabolic Reflectors.
Patch Antennas.
Slot Antennas.
Folded Dipole Antennas.
Summary.
Suggested References.
Problems.
CHAPTER 9. Electromagnetic Interference.
9.1 Interference Sources.
Lightning.
Electrostatic Discharge.
Power Disturbance Sources.
Radio Transmitters.
9.2 Passive Circuit Elements.
Conductors.
Resistors.
Inductors.
Capacitors.
9.3 Digital Signals.
9.4 Grounds.
Bond Wires.
Signal Grounds.
Loop Area.
9.5 Shields.
Shielded Cable.
9.6 Filters.
Reflective Filters.
Ferrite Chokes.
Summary.
Suggested References.
Problems.
CHAPTER 10. Microwave Engineering.
10.1 Microstrip.
Attenuation.
Other Planar T-Lines.
10.2 Lumped-Element Matching Networks.
10.3 Scattering Parameters.
Reciprocal Networks.
Lossless Networks.
Return Loss and Insertion Loss.
Shift in Reference Plane.
The Vector Network Analyzer.
10.4 Couplers and Dividers.
Circulators.
Three-Port Dividers.
Couplers.
10.5 Filters.
Simple Filters.
Multisection Filters.
High-Pass Filters.
Bandpass Filters.
10.6 Amplifiers.
Designing Matching Networks.
Balanced Amplifiers.
10.7 Receiver Design.
Oscillators.
Mixers.
Microwave CAD.
Practical Application: Radio Frequency Identification.
Summary.
Suggested References.
Problems.
APPENDIX A. Vector Relations 614
APPENDIX B. Coordinate System Transformations.
APPENDIX C. Complex Numbers.
APPENDIX D. Integrals, Conversions, and Constants.
APPENDIX E. Material Properties.
APPENDIX F. CommonMATLABMath Functions.
APPENDIX G. Answers to Selected Problems.
INDEX.
Numerical simulation helps students understand theory
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MATLAB 2.3 shows when connecting wire must be treated as transmission line. The student can see WHY the T-Line model is required, rather than just accepting some minimum length criteria on faith.
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In MATLAB example 8.4, a movie is created showing the radiation pattern from a dipole antenna as its length changes.
Many homework problems draw on the MATLAB examples
Simulations can point out when ideal theory can be applied to actual situations
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In MATLAB problem 2.18, students are asked to compare the field from a segment of charge to the field from an infinite length line of charge. The problem is similar to MATLAB example 2.3, so the programming is not difficult. Students are able to see that theory for an unrealistic infinite line can be put into practice in some situations.
Example Problems
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Students see the detailed steps needed to solve typical problems
Drill Problems
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Simple problems reinforce problem solving concepts
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Students working through the drill problems will have an easier time with the end-of-chapter problems
Practical Applications
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Illustrates practical nature of electromagnetic theory to motivate students
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Applications include loudspeakers, laser printers, microwave ovens and magnetic levitated trains
"very nice book with realistic EM applications which helps the students relate to and digest the material easily"- Ahmed Sharkawy, University of Delaware
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