Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology, 4th Edition

Preface / v

Introduction

Exercise 1 • Anatomical Language / 1

Exercise 2 • Organ Systems and Body Cavities / 13

Cell and Tissues

Exercise 3 • Compound Light Microscope / 23

Exercise 4 • Cell Structure and Cell Cycle / 31

Exercise 5 • Transport Across the Plasma Membrane / 41

Exercise 6 • Tissues / 51

Integumentary System

Exercise 7 • The Integumentary System Structure and Function / 83

Skeletal System and Joints

Exercise 8 • Bone Structure and Function / 95

Exercise 9 • Axial Skeleton / 105

Exercise 10 • Appendicular Skeleton / 137

Exercise 11 • Joints and Synovial Joint Movements / 159

Muscular System: Skeletal Muscles

Exercise 12 • Skeletal Muscle Structure / 173

Exercise 13 • Contraction of Skeletal Muscle / 185

Exercise 14 • Skeletal Muscles and Their Actions / 197

Surface Anatomy

Exercise 15 • Surface Anatomy / 233

Nervous System

Exercise 16 • Nervous Tissue / 253

Exercise 17 • Spinal Cord Structure and Function / 267

Exercise 18 • Spinal Nerves / 277

Exercise 19 • Somatic Reflexes / 287

Exercise 20 • Brain Structure and Function / 297

Exercise 21 • Cranial Nerves / 321

Exercise 22 • Autonomic Nervous System Structure and Function / 331

Exercise 23 • General Senses / 343

Exercise 24 • Special Senses / 357

Endocrine System

Exercise 25 • Endocrine Structure and Function / 389

Cardiovascular System

Exercise 26 • Blood Components and Blood Tests / 409

Exercise 27 • Heart Structure and Function / 429

Exercise 28 • Cardiac Cycle / 449

Exercise 29 • Blood Vessel Structure and Function / 461

Exercise 30 • Blood Vessel Identification / 477

Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Exercise 31 • Lymphatic System Structure and Immune System Function / 505

Respiratory System

Exercise 32 • Respiratory System Structure and Function / 525

Exercise 33 • Pulmonary Ventilation / 543

Digestive System

Exercise 34 • Digestive System Structure and Function / 559

Exercise 35 • Mechanical and Chemical Digestion / 587

Urinary System

Exercise 36 • Urinary System Structure and Function / 595

Exercise 37 • Urine Formation and Urinalysis / 613

Reproductive Systems

Exercise 38 • Male Reproductive System Structure and Function / 625

Exercise 39 • Female Reproductive System Structure and Function / 641

Human Development and Heredity

Exercise 40 • Human Development / 659

Exercise 41 • Heredity / 673

Answer Key to Activities / 687

Appendix A: Word Roots / 709

Appendix B: Skeletal Muscle Origins and Insertions / 711

Appendix C: Measurements / 717

Photo Credits / 719

Index / 723