Journal of General Internal Medicine

Published on behalf of the Society of General Internal Medicine

Edited by:
William M. Tierney and Martha S. Gerrity

Online ISSN: 1525-1497
Frequency: Monthly
Current Volume: 21 / 2006
Impact Factor: 3.013

TopAuthor Guidelines

INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS

The Journal of General Internal Medicine considers for publication manuscripts on issues relevant to its mission of promoting improved patient care, research and education in general internal medicine including primary care and hospital medicine. Submissions must be original and not currently under consideration for publication in another peer-reviewed medium (paper or electronic).

To speed the processing of manuscripts, JGIM only accepts manuscripts online via the following website: http://jgim.iusm.iu.edu/ This site contains full instructions for authors and step-by-step instructions for submitting manuscripts, cover letters, and supporting materials (if necessary). Questions concerning JGIM or the submission process should be referred to the journal's editorial office:

Cindy Byrne, Managing Editor

Regenstrief Institute

6th floor, Regenstrief Health Center

1050 Wishard Boulevard

Indianapolis, IN 46202

Voice: (317) 278-5394

Fax: (317) 278-5396

E-mail: jgim@iupui.edu

Questions concerning JGIM's policies should be referred to the journal's Co-Editors:

William M. Tierney, MD Room M200-OPW, Wishard Memorial Hospital 1001 West Tenth Street Indianapolis, IN 46202 Voice: (317) 630-6911 Fax: (317) 630-7066 E-mail: wtierney@iupui.edu

Martha S. Gerrity, MD, PhD Portland VA Medical Center, P3MED 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Road, PO Box 1034 Portland, OR 97239 Voice: (503) 273-273-5015 Fax: (503) 721-7807 E-mail: gerritym@ohsu.edu

Submitted manuscripts must fit into one of the following categories:

Original Articles
These articles describe original descriptive or interventional research relevant to clinical care and/or teaching in general internal medicine, including health policy issues. To assure that studies with various methods have the highest quality reporting, JGIM strongly suggests authors' use the following standard formats:

· Reports of randomized, controlled trials should follow the recommendations of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement. See http://www.consort-statement.org/statement/revisedstatement.htm for the current CONSORT guidelines and checklist.

· Reports of systematic reviews or meta-analyses should follow the recommendations of the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. See the original article (JAMA 2000; 283:2008-2012) for the current MOOSE guidelines and checklist. Reports of reviews that include only randomized controlled trials should also follow the recommendations of the Quality Of Reporting Of Meta-analyses (QUOROM) statement. See the original article (Lancet 1999; 354:1896-1900) or http://www.consort-statement.org/QUOROM.pdf for the current QUOROM guidelines and checklist. All reports should include a flow diagram of study inclusion and exclusion and the abstract headings (Objectives, Data Sources, Review Methods, Results, Conclusions) as described in the QUORUM guidelines.

· Reports of studies of the accuracy and use of diagnostic tests should follow the recommendations of the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) statement. See the original article (Ann Intern Med 2003; 138:W1-12) or http://www.consort-statement.org/stardstatement.htm

· Reports of non-randomized educational, behavioral, and public health interventions should follow the recommendations of the Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Non-randomized Designs (TREND) statement. See the original article (Am J Public Health 2004; 94:361-366) or http://www.trend-statement.org/.

Original articles should have a detailed description of an appropriate study design and analysis plan. They should not exceed 3,000 words of text (not including title page, abstract, references, tables, figures, figure legends, or appendices) except for reports of qualitative research, which may be as long as 4000 words of text. Each article must have a structured abstract of less than 250 words with the following recommended headings: Background, Objective, Design, Participants (or Patients or Subjects), Measurements, Results, and Conclusions. Reports of qualitative research may substitute "Approach" for "Measurements." Tables and figures should be used as needed but be kept to the minimum necessary to convey the data. Authors will be asked to delete or combine tables and figures felt to be excessive, or optionally, they may be published online instead of in print.

Brief Reports of Original Research
These are short descriptions of original research relevant to clinical care or teaching in general internal medicine. They should have an appropriate study design and analysis plan and be no more than 1,500 words. They must have a structured abstract of no more than 200 words with the same headings as for Original Articles, no more than two tables or figures, and no more than 20 references. Additional material can be published online. We that Brief Reports will have the same prestige and impact as regular length manuscripts. When in the Editors' opinion the information in a longer manuscript can be contained in a Brief Report, the author may be asked to shorten their work to fit this format.

Innovations in Education
These articles provide succinct descriptions of innovative approaches to improving medical education. (See the editorial in J Gen Intern Med. 1999; 14:775-6.) Articles should be less than 2,000 words, with a structured abstract of less than 200 words with the following recommended subheadings: Introduction, Aim, Setting, Program Description, Program Evaluation, and Discussion. As with all manuscripts, tables, figures, and pictures should be kept to the minimum necessary to convey meaning, and JGIM has the option of reducing their number or publishing them online. Articles should have similar sections as those listed for the structured abstract. The Introduction should describe the problem and the aim of the innovation. The Program Description should include the rationale or theoretical basis for the innovation and a description of the innovation with enough detail to address feasibility. The Program Evaluation should present information about use of the innovation and feedback about and suggestions for improving the innovation. Authors should present qualitative and/or quantitative evaluation information if available and appropriate. The Discussion should comment on the relationship of the program to previous work and the implications for improving medical education and patient care. If an author feels that an alternative format would be more appropriate for a given paper, the author should contact the Editor before submission. We encourage authors to publish additional detailed material and appendices (e.g., detailed curricula or evaluation tools) on online JGIM.

Innovations in Clinical Practice

These articles provide succinct descriptions of innovations in the practice of medicine that are relevant to general internists. Articles should be a maximum of 2000 words with a structured abstract of no more than 200 words. Both the abstract and the article should have the following recommended subheadings: Introduction, Aim, Setting, Program Description, Program Evaluation, and Discussion. Keep tables, figures, and pictures to the minimum necessary. Additional supporting material can be published on the JGIM website. The Introduction should briefly summarize the clinical or organizational problem or opportunity being addressed and the aim of the innovation. The Program Description should provide sufficient details (with possible supplementation with material published on the JGIM website) to allow other clinicians and managers to understand the innovation and how it was implemented. The Program Evaluation section must contain data on the care delivered (effort involved among clinicians and managers, patients receiving care, care provided, and/or outcomes of care). The Discussion should comment on the implications for broader application of this innovation into everyday practice.

Health Policy
These articles feature original research, scholarly reviews, and perspectives on health policy issues. Submissions should be relevant to general internists and should help readers understand more about health policy and its effects on patients, physicians, medical institutions, or populations. Articles examining how alternative strategies foster or impede the delivery of high-quality primary care are of special interest (see editorial in J Gen Intern Med. 2000; 15: 519-20). Articles must be submitted in the format of an original article, brief report, review, or perspective, and should follow the corresponding instructions.

Populations at Risk
These articles describe factors, including interventions, important in caring for "populations at risk." At risk populations include groups who are at risk for sub-optimal health outcomes by virtue of their socioeconomic or sociodemographic characteristics, health insurance status, functional status, or diagnosis (see editorial in J Gen Intern Med. 2000; 15: 271-2). Articles submitted for the Populations at Risk section must be in the form of an original article, brief report, review, or perspective, and should follow the corresponding instructions.

Reviews
The Editors encourage submission of reviews of clinical topics important to the practice of general internal medicine, especially topics for which there is new evidence about management options. Reviews of clinical topics should include references to relevant practice guidelines. We also invite reviews of research and educational methods relevant to general internal medicine and primary care. Reviews should follow the format of original articles and not exceed 3,500 words and an abstract of 250 words or less. Systematic reviews should be done when possible, and MOOSE and QUORUM guidelines (see above) should be followed including QUORUM abstract categories (Objectives, Data Sources, Review Methods, Results, Conclusions). Authors are encouraged to submit additional supporting material for publication on the JGIM website.

Case Reports and Clinical Vignettes

Reports of clinical cases and vignettes can provide insight into clinical practice and generate hypotheses for innovations in clinical practice, education, and research. JGIM will publish an unstructured abstract of 150 words or less in the print version and a larger summary of up to 2,500 words in the online version. The manuscript should include a review of past published relevant cases, a detailed description of the case or vignette, a discussion of why the case or vignette is unique and adds to past published literature, and implications for subsequent developments in clinical practice, teaching, or research.

Perspectives
These articles should provide appropriately referenced viewpoints on timely issues in clinical practice, medical education, and health policy that represent opportunities to act on the Society of General Internal Medicine's (SGIM) core values. These values may include: 1) excellence in patient-centered, scientifically sound medical care, research and education; 2) fostering collegial support, mentoring, and interdisciplinary collaboration; 3) adopting creative and innovative approaches to advance clinical care, teaching, and research; 4) promoting social responsibility and the health of vulnerable, under-served populations; and 5) incorporating these values into our daily professional lives with integrity and love of medicine. Articles should be less than 2,500 words with an unstructured abstract of less than 150 words, and the minimum necessary number of tables and figures.

Editorials
Editorials are solicited by the editors and provide commentary on articles selected for publication. Authors of unsolicited editorials will be encouraged to submit the manuscript as a Perspective.

Book and Media Reviews
Due to space considerations, the Editors of JGIM have decided not to publish book and media reviews. Manuscripts describing web sites and other materials that are part of innovations in medical education or clinical practice can be submitted under the "Innovations in Medical Education" and "Innovations in Clinical Practice" categories.

Letters to the Editor
Science, education, and clinical care depend on an active dialogue between developers, assessors, and users of knowledge. We encourage letters of up to 400 words that comment on material published in JGIM. Letters should be submitted via e-mail to jgim@iupui.edu within two months of publication of the JGIM material. Do not submit letters through the regular manuscript submission process.

Reflections
These include creative or reflective prose of up to 1,500 words and poetry of up to 500 words that focus on humanistic concerns encountered in general internal medicine practice. Submissions may be written from the perspective of a patient, patients' family member, health care provider, teacher, investigator, or trainee. Reflections may be submitted at any time through the regular manuscript submission system. All submissions will be reviewed, and those passing review will be published as space allows. JGIM will also publish the winners of its Creative Writing Contest. The Editors encourage authors to submit Reflections in response to the Contest's call for submissions. This call usually occurs in October - December as part of a broader call for submissions to the Annual SGIM meeting (see http://www.sgim.org/).

THE REVIEW PROCESS
All manuscripts will under go two levels of review: first by the Editors to assess their appropriateness for JGIM, scientific merit, adherence to submission guidelines, etc; and second by external peer reviewers. Manuscripts will be rated according to importance of the question, originality/innovation, quality of methods, quality of presentation, relevance to the mission of SGIM, appropriateness of conclusions, and potential impact on patient care, education or research.

Our goal for the time from receipt of a manuscript to an initial decision about acceptance, rejection, or revision is two months or less. Manuscripts accepted for publication should adhere to the AMA style guidelines (see Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals at http://www.icmje.org). Specific style and formatting instructions will be provided to authors of manuscripts accepted for publication, to which adherence will be required. The final manuscript will be edited for clarity, spelling, and grammar. Copy-edited Galley proofs will be sent to the corresponding author for approval before publication.

SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS FOR SUBMISSION

Authorship

It is important for the integrity of science and the appropriate attribution of effort that only persons who have had an active role and significant impact on conceptualizing, funding, performance, analysis, or reporting of research be included as authors (http://www.icmje.org/#author). Honorary authorship (e.g., listing as a co-author the director of a research unit) is not appropriate. "Author inflation" lessens the impact published articles have on both science and academia. Expanding the number of authors on a peer-reviewed journal article with persons who have not significantly contributed to a work cheapens that work. The contribution of such persons should be included in the Acknowledgments. JGIM reserves the right to question the role that coauthors have played on the work being reported. This will be especially true for papers with long lists of coauthors. Where there are a large number of investigators, they can be listed as part of a named research group, and the entire list can be included at the end of the text. For the purpose of promotion and other attribution of the work, individual authors can be listed as follows:

The TRIAD Study Group [Marrero DG]. Translating Research into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD): A multi‑center study of diabetes in managed care. Diab Care 2002; 25:386‑389.

It is also important that every person who contributed to the writing of a manuscript be listed as an author. Anyone, including freelance writers and writers from communication and education companies, who contributes to reviewing the literature or drafting a manuscript must be listed as an author and complete a conflict of interest statement. (See: World Association of Medical Editors. Ghost writing initiated by commercial companies. J Gen Intern Med 2005;20:549.) Alternatively, such persons can be listed in the Acknowledgments, including the conflict of interest information. Commissioning of manuscripts by for-profit companies is allowed, but persons contributing to the content of the manuscript must be listed as authors or be acknowledged, and the precise financial relationships, direct and indirect, between the parties involved must be explicitly described. Failing to do this will result in rejection of the manuscript. If we learn that authors have violated this principle during the review of a manuscript, we will notify the authors and their institutions and sponsors about the breach of conduct. If we become aware of the breach of conduct after publication of a manuscript, we will publish a correction to clarify the authors' contributions and conflicts of interest. This requirement for acknowledging contributions does not apply to writers who edit a manuscript solely for the purpose of improving the clarity, style, or grammar.

Exclusive License Form

All authors publishing manuscripts in JGIM (or online JGIM) must complete an exclusive license form (ELF) giving exclusive license to publish the manuscript to the Society of General Internal Medicine. (This is in lieu of an assignment of copyright form.) The ELF will be required for all manuscripts accepted for publication and all revised manuscripts submitted to JGIM. The ELF must be received before revised manuscripts can be reviewed. The ELF is available at http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/pdf/jgim_elf.pdf. The completed form must be sent by fax only to (317) 278-5396.

Cover Letter

Submit a cover letter with each manuscript that contains the title of the manuscript and the name and contact information for the corresponding author (name, address, telephone number, fax number, and e-mail address). We encourage authors to provide the names and contact information for 2-3 persons who have no conflict of interest with the manuscript and who would be appropriate peer reviewers. Please indicate that the work has not been published in any other peer-reviewed media (other than in abstract form). Include a statement (signed by the corresponding author) that all authors listed on the manuscript have contributed sufficiently to the project to be included as authors. (See above under "Authorship.") If all or part of the information in the manuscript has been published previously, please indicate where it was published and the extent of overlap with information in this manuscript. Attach a copy of the article (or manuscript) in question. If there are questions about overlap, include the information and let the Editors decide if there are potential problems.

Manuscript
Except where overridden by specific requirements listed above and below, manuscripts generally should be prepared according to guidelines described in "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals" which can be found in the following locations: Ann Intern Med 1997; 126:36-47; N Engl J Med 1997; 336:309-315; JAMA 1997; 277:927-934; and www.icmje.org. All communication among the editors and reviewers will be done via e-mail. Because some e-mail systems cannot accept files larger than 1MB, please keep the initial manuscript (including tables and figures) under 1MB in size. If this means making less dense figures than you would like, or eliminating color, you will have the option of submitting larger figure files if the manuscript is accepted for publication.

ALL MANUSCRIPTS MUST BE SUBMITTED ELECTRONICALLY VIA JGIM'S MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSION WEBSITE: Http://jgim.iusm.iu.edu except for Editorials, Media Reviews, and Letters to the Editor, which should be e-mailed to the Managing Editor at JGIM@iupui.edu. Each manuscript must be in either Microsoft Word or WordPerfect file with the first and last name of the corresponding author in the filename. The manuscript must be a single document and contain the following components in order: Title Page, Blinded Title Page, Abstract, Text, References, and (if appropriate) Legends for Figures, Tables, Figures, and Appendices. Each of these is discussed in detail below.

Title Page
This must be the first page of the manuscript. Include the manuscript title (less than 15 words) and full names, advanced degrees, and institutional affiliations of all authors. Use superscript numbers to designate institutional affiliations for each author. Provide the name and complete address, telephone and fax numbers, and e-mail address of the corresponding author. Provide a running title of 5-6 words. Include acknowledgements of others supporting this work (if appropriate) on the title page. If you cite individuals (rather than groups), authors will be asked to provide written approval from each for including their name(s) in the acknowledgment when the manuscript is accepted for publication. Include in acknowledgments the name and date of any conference at which the paper was presented and all funding sources, grants, and other financial support received for the work reported, including the granting institution (required). Also include the numbers of references, tables, and figures along with word length for the article's text (not including title page, abstract, references, tables, figures, or appendices).

Blinded Title Page

This must be the third page of the manuscript. It should only contain the title and running title of the article. (Manuscripts sent out for review will not include the main Title Page.)

Abstract
Structured abstracts should adhere to the formats outlined in the instructions for each particular type of article. Please refer to the details above. It is important to include sufficient data in the abstract to inform the reader of the most important quantitative results in the manuscripts. In most cases, it will be unacceptable to include purely qualitative terms in the Abstract, such as "The intervention group had significantly more hospitalizations than the control group." (This requirement can be ignored for qualitative research.) Please provide the word length of the abstract and up to five key words or terms for use in indexing. Be sure to double-check the abstract for accuracy, making sure that it is consistent with the methods and results sections of the manuscript.

Manuscript text
Double-space all text. Use a 12-point font for the abstract, text, references, and legend and no less than a 10-point font in tables. For all articles and brief reports, organize the text into sections generally matching those in the Abstract. Abbreviations should be kept to a minimum and defined when first introduced. Standard medical abbreviations are allowed without being defined if commonly used instead of the full term, such as EKG, IV, etc. It is also not necessary to define standard statistical abbreviations such as N, SD (standard deviation), CI (confidence interval), and OR (odds ratio). Do not abbreviate diseases or conditions (e.g., MI). Use generic drug names. For studies involving human subjects, include a statement about informed consent and institutional review board approval in the methods section. All measurements should be expressed with Système International (SI) units. Other units may follow in parentheses if needed. Do not use footnotes, headers, or footers other than for page numbers. Do not use bulleted text or bolding except in table headings, which should be bolded. Italics may be used.

References
Do not use endnotes or footnotes for references. Number references consecutively as cited in the text, and place numbers in parentheses on the line of text. (Do not use superscripts.) List all authors when there are six or fewer; when there are seven or more, list the first three and add "et al." Follow the format set forth in "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals" (see citation examples listed below). Use a text list for your references; do not use footnotes or endnotes. Authors must double-check the completeness and accuracy of all references because errors in the references are a common cause of delays in publishing accepted manuscripts.

Examples:

Articles: Braddock CH, Fihn SD, Levinson W, Jonsen AR, Pearlman RA. How doctors and patients discuss routine clinical decisions - informed decision making in the outpatient setting. J Gen Intern Med. 1997;12:339-45.

Books: Fleiss JL. Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1981:165-8.

Websites: Health Care Financing Administration. 1996 statistics at a glance. Available at: http://www.hcfa.gov/stats/stathili.com. Accessed December 2, 1996.

Legends for Figures

Include a brief separate legend for each figure. The title of the figure should appear in the Legend, not on the figure itself. Use the Legend to identify all abbreviations, lines, bars, etc. used in the figure.

Tables

· Tables should follow the References and Figure Legends (if any).

· Tables should be numbered with Arabic numerals, should have a short title that describes its contents, and have sufficient white space to be easily legible. If there is only one table, then do not number it; refer to it as "Table" and do not include the designation "Table" in the table's title.

· All tables must be cited in the text. In many instances, tables containing few data can be deleted and included as text in the manuscript instead. Do not repeat tabular information in the text of the manuscript. Instead, include data in the tables and comment upon it in the text. Make sure that the tabular information agrees with that in the manuscript text and abstract.

· For tables or Figures with 10 or fewer explanatory footnotes, the following symbols are set in the order shown: asterisk *, dagger †, double dagger ‡, section mark §, parallel mark ‖, paragraph symbol ¶, number sign #, asterisk [repeated] **, dagger [repeated] ††, double dagger [repeated] ‡‡. For tables with more than 10 footnotes, use superscript lower case letters. Symbols and footnote letters should not be used in the same table. If an entry begins with a number or a symbol, the next word should be capitalized.

· For dichotomous variables (e.g., sex), only include data for one category (e.g., women).

· Use arithmetic operators (e.g., , +. =) instead of words in footnotes.

· Units of measurement should be contained in the column or row headings, not the table's cells.

· Table rows should be top aligned. Use indentation to indicate the hierarchy for entries and subentries in tables. Use a single-space indent for the first level of subentry, and a double-space indent for the second level of subentry. Data must not fall into adjacent columns. Wrap the line(s) to avoid entries falling onto adjacent columns.

· Group similar data types together. Use an emdash ( - ) or double hyphen (--) rather than blanks to indicate cells that lack data. Use "N/A" for "not applicable" or "N/D" for "not determined," where appropriate, for cells with missing contents. Use the numeral "0" to indicate that the value of the data in a cell is zero.

· Keep the number of digits to the minimum necessary to adequately represent the results. Laboratory data should be provided and rounded off according to the number of digits that reflects the precision of the reported results, and to eliminate reporting results beyond the sensitivity of the procedure performed. Exact P values are preferred whether statistically significant or not. P values should be expressed to 2 digits to the right of the decimal point unless the first 2 digits are zeros. P values less than .001 should be designated as "P P = .002 or for P = .00006 use 3 digits to the right of the decimal place P P P values should not be expressed as "NS" (not significant). The number of digits for confidence intervals should correspond to the number of digits in the point estimate (e.g. if an odds ratio is reported as 2.45, the 95% confidence interval should be reported as 1.32 to 4.78, NOT as 1.322 to 4.784).

Figures
Each figure should be embedded directly into the manuscript document after the tables. Do not put the title on the figure itself; put it in the Legend. Figures with few data should add some visual value; otherwise, include the data in the manuscript text instead. For all line and bar charts, the lower bound for each scale should be either zero (preferable) or the lowest possible physiologic value. Do not truncate values in order to accentuate differences between groups. Color photographs and figures will be considered for publication if the author is willing to cover the extra production expense of $800 per page. Use symbols (defined in the Figure Legend) to define lines, groups, etc. as listed above for Tables.

Permissions
Previously published illustrations, tables, and text must be fully identified as to author and source. For all borrowed illustrations, tables and verbatim quotations of 200 words or more, authors must obtain written permission from both the previous publisher and the author and forward such permission with the manuscript. The author is responsible for fees associated with reprinting previously published materials.

Appendices

The Editors encourage the submission of additional material if the authors believe it will aid the editors, reviewers, or journal readers in understanding their work. Appendices will be considered for publication in the online version of JGIM. They may contain additional tables, figures, data collection instruments, curricula, or details too lengthy to include in the main article. The Editors reserve the right to move to an online appendix any tables, figures, etc. not essential to the understanding of the text. The authors will be responsible for obtaining permission to include any copyrighted material.

Submission Checklist

Cover letter:

• Statement on no prior publication of manuscript contents
• Manuscript not currently under review elsewhere
• Suggested reviewers with contact information (optional)
• Authorship statement

Title page:

• Title of manuscript
• Full names of authors, with degrees and institutions (linked by superscript numbers to each author)
• Running title of six words or fewer
• Corresponding author with contact information (full address, telephone/fax, e-mail address)
• Acknowledgments, including grant or other extramural support, prior presentations, etc.
• Word length of article text, number of tables and figures

Blinded title page:

• Must only contain the title of the article

Abstract:

• Must begin on page 3
• Structured where indicated (see above for guidelines by article type)
• Word length, keywords (at least 3)

Manuscript:

• Number pages consecutively, beginning with Title Page
• Order of contents, each beginning on a new page: Text, References, Legends for Figures, Tables, Figures, Appendices
• Appropriate use of abbreviations
• No use of endnotes or footnotes
• No headers or footers other than page numbers
• No bulleted text or bolding of text (italics may be used)

References:

• Begin on a new page following text
• Use proper format (see above)

Tables:

• Number tables consecutively with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.)
• Title on each table
• Define all abbreviations in footnotes using appropriate superscripted characters

Figures:

• Number consecutively
• Avoid 3-dimensional graphs and charts
• Avoid color unless you are planning on paying for color printing

Submission:

• Submit through the link on the JGIM editorial office website: http://jgim.iusm.iu.edu/
• Attach cover letter
• Attach completed Conflict of Interest Statement
• Attach manuscript as a Microsoft Word or WordPerfect file
• Attach any additional relevant files (e.g., permissions from persons in Acknowledgments or to reproduce prior published material, manuscripts under review or previously published with potential overlap with the current manuscript, etc.)