Geographical Research

Published on behalf of the Institute of Australian Geographers Inc.

Edited by:
Arthur Conacher, George Curry and Roy Jones

Print ISSN: 1745-5863
Online ISSN: 1745-5871
Frequency: Quarterly
Current Volume: 47 / 2009

TopAuthor Guidelines

These Instructions for Authors can also be viewed as a .PDF file.

Geographical Research is published on behalf of the Institute of Australian Geographers through editors appointed by the Institute. The primary objective of Geographical Research is to advance geographical research across the discipline.

Manuscripts
Manuscripts must be written in clear, concise and direct English. Be guided by the Shorter Oxford Dictionary but use -ise rather than -ize where these alternative word endings are permitted. Articles should not exceed 6000 words in length, with text reduced proportionately to allow for figures and tables. Shorter contributions (commentaries, which include both general comments and discussions of earlier papers, research notes and teaching notes) not exceeding 3000 words are welcome. In the case of manuscripts with more than one author, correspondence will be with the first-named author unless otherwise indicated. All manuscripts will be assessed by at least two independent referees using a double-blind process. Final acceptance or rejection rests with the Editors.
Authors are required to submit their manuscripts electronically (refer to Format below). Manuscripts should be emailed as attached Word files to one of the following Editors:
Papers in human geography: Phil O'Neill (P.ONeill@uws.edu.au) or Clive Forster (clive.forster@flinders.edu.auu.au);
Papers in environmental or physical geography: Wayne Stephenson (wjs@unimelb.edu.au) or Brian Finlayson (brianlf@unimelb.edu.au).
Note that the Editors may request hard copies.
Submission of a manuscript should be accompanied by a declaration, signed by the corresponding author, and on behalf of all other authors as appropriate, that the article is original, unpublished (including on the internet) and is not being considered for publication elsewhere and, furthermore, that all authors have agreed to the submission of the paper to Geographical Research.

Pre-submission English-language editing
Authors for whom English is a second language may choose to have their manuscript professionally edited before submission to improve the English. A list of independent suppliers of editing services can be found at http://authorservices.wiley.com/bauthor/english_language.asp. Japanese authors can also find a list of local English improvement services at http://www.wiley.co.jp/journals/editcontribute.html. All services are paid for and arranged by the author, and use of one of these services does not guarantee acceptance or preference for publication.

Author material archive policy
Authors who require the return of any submitted material that is accepted for publication should inform the Editorial Office after acceptance. If no indication is given that author material should be returned, all hard copy and electronic material will be disposed of two months after publication.

Copyright
Authors publishing in the Journal will be asked to sign an Exclusive Licence Form. In signing the form it is assumed that authors have obtained permission to use any copyrighted or previously published material. All authors must read and agree to the conditions outlined in the exclusive licence form, and are required to sign the form or agree that the corresponding author can sign on their behalf. Articles (including shorter contributions and book reviews) cannot be published until a signed form has been received.

Format
Manuscripts should be typed double-spaced in 12 point font with wide margins (at least 30 mm) on A4 page size. Pages should be numbered sequentially. Use minimal word processing formatting: italics and bold are accepted but avoid special caps, paragraph formatting, headers and footers, and footnotes, for example.
Where it is necessary to provide a list of items in the text, the items should be numbered 1. 2. 3. etc. Each numbered point should commence flush with the left-hand margin and blank lines should not be left between points. Do not use dot points.
Indicate the preferred position for figures and tables in the text; but the figures and tables should be provided separately (see below).
Manuscripts should be presented in the following sequence: (1) title page; (2) abstract and key words; (3) text; (4) acknowledgments; (5) endnotes but only if essential; (6) references; (7) captions for figures; (8) tables (each Table complete with title and footnotes), and (9) figures.

Title page
A separate title page should include a title (capitalise the initial letters of the major words), the family name(s) and first name or initials of the author(s) (in capitals), details of their position(s), institutional affiliation(s), full postal and email addresses. Indicate the author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Include a short running title of no more than 40 characters. The title page will not be sent to referees.

Abstract
An abstract of 200-250 words should be supplied on a separate sheet. Include the title of the paper but not the names of the author(s). The abstract should state in condensed form the contribution made by the paper: including (as appropriate) its aims, methods and main findings. It should be informative and should supplement, not duplicate, the title. The abstract should not act as an introduction to the text and statements such as 'this was discussed' and 'conclusions are given' should be avoided. In general, the abstract should contain no mathematical symbols and statements should not be amplified by examples.

KEY WORDS, ACRONYMS
The abstract should be followed by 6-8 key words and then a list and definition of acronyms used in the text. Acronyms should only be used if they appear more than three times. Abbreviations should be avoided.

Introduction
The introduction should state clearly the context and aim(s) of the paper and outline the paper's structure.
Two levels of heading may be used. These are:

First order headings

Second order headings

Following the main body of the text are:

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Funding sources must be acknowledged, including a frank declaration of the authors' industrial links and affiliations where relevant. The contribution of colleagues or institutions should also be acknowledged.

NOTES
Footnotes should be avoided. Endnotes may be included but only if they are essential. They should be grouped after the Acknowledgments, not at the foot of individual pages. Avoid using footnoting programs embedded in word processing packages.

REFERENCES
All works cited in the text should be referenced in a list arranged alphabetically by author. Works by the same author(s) should be listed chronologically. Multiple works by the same author(s) in a single year should be referred to as 1997a, 1997b, etc., based on the order of appearance of the references in the text. References should be checked to ensure that all the citations in the text are included in the list and that all the names in the list occur in the text. All references should be carefully checked for errors prior to submitting the manuscript. Material unavailable in libraries and archives, such as unpublished reports and unpublished conference papers, should not be cited.
More people are using websites as primary data sources, and reference to these is acceptable providing website data are summarised, reproduced in the paper, and the source sites can be checked (if necessary) by the referees. Such data have a validity at a particular time which may not be able to be checked/validated at a later time. The date accessed by the author must be stated.
Websites that are used as sources of theory and secondary data are another matter entirely. Many people publish preliminary data/reports/papers on the web, some of which eventually may be published in conventional refereed outlets. However, while they are on the web, the usual checks and balances are not available, and the information may not be available permanently. In these instances, conventional sources are preferred unless authors have good justification for referring to a website.
In the text, authors should be referred to in the style 'As Streeton (1997) has argued …' or 'This assertion has been contested by several researchers (Roberts, 1967; Nolan, 1969; Williams, 1977) …' or 'His reputation is based on just two works (Lindsay, 1928; 1929).' Text references should always include page numbers for verbatim quotes. Page or chapter numbers should be included for reference to specific points of books or reports. Where several sources are referenced together, these should be presented in chronological rather than alphabetical order. Reference to works written by two authors should be in the style 'Lillee and Thomson'. Reference in the text to three or more authors should be in the style 'Benaud et al.' Personal communications should be referred to in the form '(Don Bradman, personal communication, 1948)'.

References should conform to the following style:

Asian Development Bank, 2005: Country strategy and program update 2005-2006, Papua New Guinea. Retrieved 13 April, 2007 from http://www.adb.org/Documents/CSPs/PNG/2005/cspu-png-2005.pdf

Beer, A., Clower, T., Haughton, G. and Maude, A., 2005: Neoliberalism and the institutions for regional development in Australia. Geographical Research 43, 49-58.

Chhetri, P., Corcoran, J., Stimson, R.J. and Inbakaran, R, 2009: Modelling Potential Socio-economic Determinants of Building Fires in South East Queensland. Geographical Research, doi: 10.1111/j.1745-5871.2009.00587.x

Doran, J.C. and Hall, N., 1983: Notes on fifteen Australian casuarina species. In Midgley, S.J., Turnbull, J.W. and Johnston, R.D. (eds) Casuarina Ecology, Management and Utilization. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, 19-52.

Gellatly, D.C., 1971: Possible Archaean rocks of the Kimberley region, Western Australia. In Glover, L.E. (ed.) Symposium on Archaean Rocks. Geological Society of Australia Special Publication 3, 93-101.

Gunn, M., 1995: Homeless women denied emergency shelter. The Australian (30 November), 5.

Oppenheimer, J., 1970: A history of land use in the Walcha district. Unpublished B.A. (Honours) thesis, Department of History, The University of New England, Armidale.

Taylor, T.G., 1951: Australia a Study of Warm Environments and their Effect on British Settlement. Methuen, London and Dutton, New York, 6th ed.

All authors should be included in the list of references for multiple-authored works.
Journal titles must be given in full and should include all definite and indefinite articles. The original wording should be retained in the case of publications in languages other than English.

Formulae and numerical expressions
Measurements should be given in SI units unless quoting from historical or similar sources, in which case SI equivalents must be given in parentheses. Note that, with the exception of the symbols % , ‰, º and ºC, there should be a space between the number and the unit. Compound units should be expressed in the form m s-1 and kg m-1s-1. A full stop should be used to denote the decimal point. In the case of numbers larger than 9999, each set of three digits should be separated by a space rather than by a comma. A similar rule should be adopted for digits to the right of the decimal point. A zero should be given before the decimal point in numbers less than one. Except where they represent measurements, integers lying between one and nine should be spelled in full. Avoid beginning sentences with a numeral.
Where currencies other than Australian dollars are cited the Australian equivalent (A$) should be included in parentheses.
Equations should be typed centrally in the column and numbered serially in parentheses on the right-hand margin in the following fashion:
E = mc2 (1)
Where E = energy (J), m = mass (kg) and c = velocity of light in a vacuum = 2.99 x 108 m s-1.

If necessary, reference should be made in the text to equation (1), etc. For simple fractions the solidus (/) should be used instead of a horizontal line. The use of fractional powers rather than root signs is recommended. The valence of ions should be given in the form Ca2+ and CO32-, rather than as Ca++ and CO3--. Isotope numbers should precede the symbol: for example, 14C.

Quotations
Short quotations should be enclosed within single quotation marks. Quotations longer than about three lines of text should not be enclosed by quotation marks. Instead, they should be fully indented two spaces from the left-hand margin and preceded and followed by a blank line.
If words are omitted in the middle of a quotation, the omission should be marked with three stops (an ellipsis) … . This device is also used at the beginning and/or end of a quotation to indicate that part of the sentence has been omitted. The ellipsis should be treated as a word. That is, a space should be left between it and an adjacent word. Explanatory interpolations should be marked using square brackets.

Illustrations
All illustrations (graphs, diagrams, maps and photographs) are referred to in the text as figures. Figures should be numbered according to their sequence in the manuscript. Both in the main body of the text and in parentheses, figures should be referred to as Figure 1, etc. Figures should be designed so they may be reduced to fit the width of one column (69 mm) or one page (143 mm) of the journal. The maximum depth of a figure after reduction should be 184 mm. Originals of figures should be no more than twice these final sizes. Ensure that lettering and linework will bear reduction to the final size of reproduction. In particular, all letters should be at least 2 mm high after reduction. Use lower case lettering rather than capitals and use bar scales rather than numerical scales. Include information on the units used.
If supplied electronically, Figures must be supplied as high-resolution files (at least 300 d.p.i) saved as Encapsulated PostScript (.eps) or Tag Image File Format (.tiff). Do not embed Figures in the Word document - they must be supplied as a separate .eps or .tiff file. Low-resolution images, or images embedded in Word, cannot be used.
Maps and line drawings should be produced using a GIS package (such as ArcView). Maps that have already been created but need some editing can be processed for publication using software such as Adobe Illustrator. Adobe Photoshop processes raster data only (such as pictures, images), whereas Illustrator handles line data.
More information on submitting electronic artwork is available from http://authorservices.wiley.com/bauthor/illustration.asp. This page includes a link to useful software (http://authorservices.wiley.com/bauthor/software.asp) that can assist in the creation and viewing of electronic artwork.
Hard copy originals of photographs may be requested; in which case they must be high quality, sharply focused prints on glossy paper, with good contrast and intensity.
Contributors have the option of supplying colour Figures (diagrams, maps or photographs) which will be published online in colour at no cost to contributors. However, these Figures will appear in black and white in the printed journal. Since colour Figures may not reproduce well in black and white, it is desirable that good quality black and white versions of all Figures are provided. In particular, use symbols or well-contrasted shading rather than colour in line drawings and maps.
Colour Figures can be reproduced in the printed journal but authors will be required to pay the colour charges, which are fairly substantial.
Figure captions should be listed in order on a separate sheet after the references. The following format should be employed:

Figure 1 Figure captions should be written in lower case lettering. The source of information in figures should be referenced as follows (Sources: Ptolemy, A.D. 150; Mercator, 1568).

Each figure, caption and legend must be understandable without reference to the text.
Figures must be supplied in files separately from the text.

Maps
Ensure that places (and photographs, where relevant) referred to in the text are located on a map or maps, using insets (with indications of latitude and longitude as appropriate) to locate the specific study area(s). Maps should include: 1) a north arrow; 2) a scale bar which should be denominated in appropriate round units (250 m, 100 km etc, not 62.5 km), with 'km' in lower case. Check UK/Australian (not US) spelling of metre/kilometre. Where cartographic software automatically produces a scale-bar this may need manual correction. Avoid ratio scales; and 3) a legend incorporating all symbols/shadings. Avoid grey and colour shading -- black and white hatching symbols are preferred - and the zigzag symbols generated by some GIS software. Use strong contrasts, consider the aesthetic balance of the map, and vary line thicknesses.

Tables
Authors should note the limitations imposed by the size and layout of the journal when organising tables. Tables should be numbered using Arabic numerals according to their sequence in the text. Both in the main body of the text and in parentheses, tables should be referred to as Table 1, etc.
Each table should be preceded by a caption in the following format:

Table 1 Table captions should be written in lower case lettering (Source: Pacioli, c. 1510).

Column headings in tables should be brief, but explanatory. Units of measurement should be given in parentheses. Vertical lines should not be used to separate columns. Ditto marks should be avoided. Ensure that the figures in each column are correctly aligned, noting in particular that decimal points should be in vertical alignment. Use a tab, not spaces, to separate data points in tables. If a table editor function is used, ensure that each data point is contained within a unique cell (that is, do not use carriage returns within cells). Explanations essential to the understanding of the table should be given in footnotes at the bottom of the table.
The table, caption and footnotes must be understandable without reference to the text.
Tables can be included in the same file as the text, but located at the end, after the captions for figures.

Author Services
Author Services enables authors to track their article, once it has been accepted, through the production process to publication online and in print. Authors can check the status of their articles online and choose to receive automated emails at key stages of production so they do not need to contact the production editor to check on progress. Visit http://authorservices.wiley.com/bauthor for more details on online production tracking and for a wealth of resources, including FAQs and tips on article preparation, submission and more.

Proofs
Notification of the URL from where to download a Portable Document Format (PDF) typeset page proof, associated forms and further instructions will be sent from the Publisher by email to the corresponding author. The purpose of the PDF proof is a final check of the layout, and of Tables and Figures. Alterations other than essential correction of errors are unacceptable at PDF proof stage. The proof should be checked and any corrections advised to the relevant Editor by the date indicated; otherwise it may be signed off by the Editor or held over to a later issue.

Offprints
A PDF offprint and a single copy of the issue of the journal in which the paper appears will be supplied to the corresponding author of Original Articles free of charge.
More offprints can be ordered at the author's expense online. Please visit http://offprint.cosprinters.com/, fill in the necessary details and ensure that you type information in all of the required fields.
If you have queries about offprints please email offprint@cosprinters.com