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[5.13] Common Operating Systems
- DOS -- developed
by Microsoft Corporation
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for use with
early Intel
computers like the IBM PC and other compatibles.
- Macintosh -- the
first popular graphical user
interface, characterized by windows and icons on a desktop.
- Microsoft
Windows
Environments -- the
successful Microsoft graphical user interface called
Windows 3.1 was
overlaid on DOS. In 1995, a new operating system called
Windows 95
was introduced for the Intel
personal computer market. Windows 95
is one step on the way to Windows NT, a full general-purpose
operating system that can be used by all kinds of computers and
communications devices.
- Unix -- a powerful,
portable operating system popular
with scientific workstations. The X-Windowing graphical user
interface is grafted onto Unix.