PREFACE

For four editions, Fundamentals of Physics has been successful in preparing physics students for careers in science and engineering. The first three editions were co-authored by the highly regarded team of David Halliday and Robert Resnick, who developed a groundbreaking text replete with conceptual structure and applications. In the fourth edition, the insights provided by new co-author, Jearl Walker, took the text into the 1990s and met the challenge of guiding students through a time of tremendous advances and a ferment of activity in the science of physics. Now, in the fifth edition, we have expanded on the conventional strengths of the earlier editions and enhanced the applications that help students forge a bridge between concepts and reasoning. We not only tell students how physics works, we show them, and we give them the opportunity to show us what they have learned by testing their understanding of the concepts and applying them to real-world scenarios. Concept checkpoints, problem solving tactics. sample problems, electronic computations, exercises and problems--all of these skill-building signposts have been developed to help students establish a connection between conceptual theories and application. The students reading this text today are the scientists and engineers of tomorrow.

It is our hope that the fifth edition of Fundamentals of Physics will help prepare these students for future endeavors by contributing to the enhancement of physics education.

CHANGES IN THE FIFTH EDITION

Although we have retained the basic framework of the fourth edition of Fundamentals of Physics, we have made

extensive changes in portions of the book. Each chapter and element has been scrutinized to ensure clarity, currency, and accuracy, reflecting the needs of today's science and engineering students.

Content Changes

Mindful that textbooks have grown large and that they tend to increase in length from edition to edition, we have reduced the length of the fifth edition by combining several chapters and pruning their content. In doing so, six chapters have been rewritten completely, while the remaining chapters have been carefully edited and revised, often extensively, to enhance their clarity, incorporating ideas and suggestions from dozens of reviewers.

• Chapters 7 and 8 on energy (and sections of later chapters dealing with energy) have been rewritten to provide a more careful treatment of energy, work, and the work-kinetic energy theorem. At the same time, the text material and problems at the end of each chapter still allow the instructor to present the more traditional treatment of these subjects.

• Temperature, heat, and the first law of thermodynamics have been condensed from two chapters to one chapter (Chapter 19).

• Chapter 2l on entropy now includes a statistical mechanical presentation of entropy that is tied to the traditional thermodynamical presentation.

• Chapters on Faraday's law and inductance have been combined into one new chapter (Chapter 31).

• Treatment of Maxwell's equations has been streamlined and moved up earlier into the chapter on magnetism and matter (Chapter 32).

• Coverage of electromagnetic oscillations and alternating currents has been combined into one chapter (Chapter 33).

• Chapters 39, 40, and 41 on quantum mechanics have been rewritten to modernize the subject. They now include experimental and theoretical results of the last few years. In addition, quantum physics and special relativity are introduced in some of the early chapters in short sections that can be covered quickly. These early sections lay some of the groundwork; for the 'modern physics ' topics that appear later in the extended version of the text and add an element of suspense about the subject.

New Pedagogy

In the interest of addressing the needs of science and engineering students, we have added a number of new pedagogical features intended to help students forge a bridge between concepts and reasoning and to marry theory with practice. These new features are designed to help students test their understanding of the material. They were also developed to help students prepare to apply the information to exam questions and real-world scenarios.

To provide opportunities for students to check their understanding of the physics concepts they have just read, we have placed Checkpoint questions within the chapter presentations. Nearly 300 Checkpoints have been added to help guide the student away from common errors and misconceptions. All of the Checkpoints require decision making and reasoning on the part of the student (rather than computations requiring calculators) and focus on the key points of the physics that student need to understand in order to tackle the exercises and problems at the end of each chapter. Answers to all of the Checkpoint, are found in the back; of the book, sometimes with extra guidance to the student.

Continuing our focus on the key points of the physics, we have included additional Checkpoint-type questions in the Questions section at the end of each chapter. These new questions require decision making and reasoning on the part of the student; they ask the student to organize the physics concepts rather than just plug numbers into equations. Answers to the odd-numbered questions are now provided in the back of the book.

To encourage the use of computer math packages and graphing calculators, we have added an Electronic Computation problem section to the Exercises and Problems sections of many of the chapters.

These new features are just a few of the pedagogical elements available to enhance the student's study of physics. A number of tried-and-true features of the previous edition have been retained and refined in the fifth edition, as described below.

CHAPTER FEATURES

The pedagogical elements that have been retained from previous editions have been carefully planned and crafted to motivate students and guide their reasoning process.

• Puzzlers: Each chapter opens with an intriguing photograph and a "puzzler'' that is designed to motivate the student to read the chapter. The answer to each puzzler is provided within the chapter, but it is not identified as such to ensure that the student reads the entire chapter.

• Sample Problems: Throughout each chapter, sample problems provide a bridge from the concepts of the chapter to the exercises and problems at the end of the chapter. Many of the nearly 400 sample problems featured in the text have been replaced with new ones that more sharply focus on the common difficulties students experience in solving the exercises and problems. We have been especially mindful of the mathematical difficulties students face. The sample problems also provide an opportunity for the student to see how a physicist thinks through a problem.

• Problem Solving Tactics: To help further bridge concepts and applications and to add focus to the key physics concepts. we have refined and expanded the number of problem solving tactics that are placed within the chapters, particularly in the earlier chapters. These tactics provide guidance to the students about how to organize the physics concepts, how to tackle mathematical requirements in the exercises and problems and how to prepare for exams.

• Illustrations: Because the illustrations in a physics textbook are so important to an understanding of the concepts, we have altered nearly 30 percent of the illustrations to improve their clarity. We have also removed some of the less effective illustrations and added many new ones.

• Review & Summary: A review and summary section is found at the end of each chapter, providing a quick review of the key definitions and physics concepts without being a replacement for reading the chapter.

• Questions: Approximately 700 thought-provoking questions emphasizing the conceptual aspects of physics appear at the ends of the chapters. Many of these questions relate back to the checkpoints found throughout the chapters, requiring decision making and reasoning on the part of the student. Answers to the odd-numbered questions are provided in the back of the book.

• Exercises & Problems: There are approximately 3400 end-of-chapter exercises and problems in the text arranged in order of difficulty, starting with the exercises (labeled "E"), followed by the problems (labeled "P"). Particularly challenging problems are identified with an asterisk (*). Those exercises an(l problems that have been retained from previous editions have been edited for greater clarity; many have been replaced. Answers to the odd-numbered exercises and problems are provided in the back of the book.

VERSIONS OF THE TEXT

The fifth edition of Fundamentals of Physics is available in a number of different versions, to accommodate the individual needs of instructors and students alike. The Regular Edition consists of Chapters 1 through 38 (ISBN 0-471-1055-9). The Extended Edition contains seven additional chapters on quantum physics and cosmology (Chapters 1-45) (ISBN 0-471-10559-7). Both editions are available as single, hardcover books, or in the alternative versions listed on page ix:

• Volume 1--Chapters 1-21 (Mechanics/Thermodynamics), cloth, 0 471-15662-0
• Volume 2--Chapters 22-45 (E&M and Modern Physics), cloth 0-471-15663-9
• Part I--Chapters I - 12, paperback, 0-471-14561-0
• Part 2--Chapters 13-21, paperback, 0-471-14854-7
• Part 3--Chapters 22-33, paperback, 0-471-14855-5
• Part 4--Chapters 34-38, paperback, 0-471-14856-3
• Part 5--Chapters 39-45, paperback, 0-471-15719-8
• The Extended edition of the text is also available on CD ROM.