Chapter 06 Subset Practice Quiz

In Pavlov's famous experiment with the salivating dogs, what was the unconditioned stimulus (US)?

  

the dogs

  

salivation

  

the food

  

the bell



After conditioning, Little Albert feared rats as well as a white rabbit, a white glove, cotton balls, and even a white beard on a Santa Claus mask. This fear is an example of:

  

stimulus generalization

  

stimulus discrimination

  

extinction

  

higher-order conditioning



In Watson's famous experiment with Little Albert, what was the unconditioned response (UR)?

  

white rat

  

loud noise

  

fear of the noise

  

fear of falling



When your mouth waters at the sight of a chocolate cake, it is an example of ___________.

  

operant conditioning

  

social learning

  

vicarious conditioning

  

classical conditioning



Suppose a boy learns to fear bees by being stung when he touches a bee. In this situation the unconditioned response (UR) is the ___________.

  

bee

  

sting

  

fear

  

crying



In classical conditioning, extinction occurs when the ___________.

  

conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned response

  

conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus

  

conditioned response is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus

  

unconditioned stimulus is ambiguous



Carlos gets a soda every single time he puts money into the machine at work. What type of reinforcement schedule is this?

  

continuous reinforcement

  

variable ratio schedule

  

fixed ratio schedule

  

variable interval schedule



Which term best describes a situation when a person acquires a general sense of powerlessness and consequently stays in an abusive relationship?

  

passive aggressiveness

  

learned helplessness

  

avoidance behavior

  

temporary suppression



Anything that causes an increase in a response is a(n) ___________.

  

conditioned stimulus

  

reinforcement

  

punishment

  

unconditioned stimulus



Anything that causes a decrease in a response is a(n) ___________.

  

conditioned stimulus

  

reinforcement

  

punishment

  

unconditioned stimulus



Negative reinforcement and punishment are ___________.

  

the same

  

the best ways to learn a new behavior

  

not the same because negative reinforcement increases behavior and punishment decreases behavior

  

not the same, even though they both decrease behavior



Making yourself study before you go to the movies is a good application of ___________.

  

negative reinforcement

  

positive punishment

  

fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement

  

the Premack principle



A cue that signals when a particular response is likely to be followed by a certain type of consequence is known as a ___________.

  

primary reinforcer

  

negative reinforcer

  

discriminative stimulus

  

variable ratio stimulus



In Bandura's famous "Bobo" doll experiment, children who had seen the aggressive model were much more aggressive with the Bobo doll than children who had not seen the aggression. What form of learning is this?

  

observational learning

  

insight learning

  

latent learning

  

operant conditioning



Insight is ___________.

  

based on unconscious classical conditioning

  

divinely inspired

  

a sudden flash of understanding

  

an artifact of operant conditioning



Latent learning occurs without being rewarded and ___________.

  

remains hidden until a future time when it is needed

  

is spontaneously recovered

  

serves no useful purpose

  

has been found only in nonhuman species



Albert Bandura's social learning theory emphasized ___________.

  

classical conditioning

  

operant conditioning

  

extinction

  

modeling



Observational learning theory suggests that we learn many behaviors by ___________

  

imitating others

  

observing our inner processes

  

teaching others

  

shaping our own and others behaviors



"Follow my lead" could be a motto for ___________.

  

classical conditioning

  

operant conditioning

  

latent learning

  

observational learning



Superstitious behavior occurs because ___________.

  

it has been reinforced on a fixed ratio schedule

  

a person or an animal thinks that a behavior causes a reinforcement to occur, but in reality the behavior and the reinforcement are not connected

  

it is reinforced on a random ratio schedule

  

the behavior and the reinforcement come in close proximity to one another, causing the superstitious behavior to increase in magnitude



Since the 1960s, environments have been found to cause dendritic branching, increase nerve growth factor, and improve learning and memory.



neurons often fire when humans perform certain behaviors or observe others.



While James was at the movies, he inhaled a large bucket of buttered popcorn. Later than evening he began to feel sick, and after that he has avoided eating popcorn. This is an example of ___________.

  

Smell aversion

  

Taste aversion

  

Morning sickness

  

Instinctive drift





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