The Web Testing Companion: The Insider's Guide to Efficient and Effective Tests

Lydia Ash

Appendix L - Numeric References

The numeric references can be used to unequivocally cite a particular character. Some samples are given below, but the general format is to use an ampersand symbol followed by the pound sign, then the decimal numeric reference of the character followed by a semicolon. To refer to the character exclamation mark, the decimal numeric reference would need to be ! in order to have the browser understand the character entity. You can also use the hexadecimal value of a character to reference it; in that case, provide an x in front of the numeric value. For the exclamation mark, this numeric reference would be !. Because the hexadecimal value can easily be obtained from the Windows Character Map utility, that may be the easiest to use.

Alternatively, the character's code can be referenced. This is usually a shortened version of the character's official name.

Below are some of the more common 1252 characters and then samples of symbols and characters from other languages arranged by their Unicode value.

In order to make it easier for you to use the inputs in your own testing, this file is available for download here. AppendixL.doc

Character	Decimal Value &#___;	Hexadecimal Value &#x____;	Name
[space]	32	0020	space
!	33	0021	exclamation mark
"	34	0022	quotation mark
#	35	0023	number sign
$	36	0024	dollar sign
%	37	0025	percent
&	38	0026	ampersand
'	39	0027	apostrophe
(	40	0028	left parenthesis
)	41	0029	right parenthesis
*	42	002A	asterisk
+	43	002B	plus sign
,	44	002C	comma
-	45	002D	hyphen or minus sign
.	46	002E	period
/	47	002F	slash
0	48	0030	zero
1	49	0031	one
2	50	0032	two
3	51	0033	three
4	52	0034	four
5	53	0035	five
6	54	0036	six
7	55	0037	seven
8	56	0038	eight
9	57	0039	nine
:	58	003A	colon
;	59	003B	semicolon
<	60	003C	less-than sign
>	62	003D	greater-than sign
	160	00A0	no-break space
¡	161	00A1	inverted exclamation mark
¢	162	00A2	cent sign
£	163	00A3	pound sign
¤	164	00A4	currency sign
¥	165	00A5	yen sign
¦	166	00A6	broken bar
§	167	00A7	section sign
¨	168	00A8	diaeresis
©	169	00A9	copyright sign
ª	170	00AA	feminine ordinal indicator
«	171	00AB	left-pointing double-angle quotation mark
¬	172	00AC	not sign
­	173	00AD	soft hyphen
®	174	00AE	registered sign
¯	175	00AF	macron
°	176	00B0	degree sign
±	177	00B1	plus-minus sign
²	178	00B2	superscript two
³	179	00B3	superscript three
´	180	00B4	acute accent
µ	181	00B5	micro sign
¶	182	00B6	pilcrow sign
·	183	00B7	middle dot
¸	184	00B8	cedilla
¹	185	00B9	superscript one
º	186	00BA	masculine ordinal indicator
»	187	00BB	right-pointing double-angle quotation mark
¼	188	00BC	vulgar fraction one quarter
½	189	00BD	vulgar fraction one half
¾	190	00BE	vulgar fraction three quarters
¿	191	00BF	inverted question mark
À	192	00C0	Latin capital letter A with grave
Á	193	00C1	Latin capital letter A with acute
Â	194	00C2	Latin capital letter A with circumflex
Ã	195	00C3	Latin capital letter A with tilde
Ä	196	00C4	Latin capital letter A with diaeresis
Å	197	00C5	Latin capital letter A with ring above
Æ	198	00C6	Latin capital letter AE
Ç	199	00C7	Latin capital letter C with cedilla
È	200	00C8	Latin capital letter E with grave
É	201	00C9	Latin capital letter E with acute
Ê	202	00CA	Latin capital letter E with circumflex
Ë	203	00CB	Latin capital letter E with diaeresis
Ì	204	00CC	Latin capital letter I with grave
Í	205	00CD	Latin capital letter I with acute
Î	206	00CE	Latin capital letter I with circumflex
Ï	207	00CF	Latin capital letter I with diaeresis
Ð	208	00D0	Latin capital letter ETH
Ñ	209	00D1	Latin capital letter N with tilde
Ò	210	00D2	Latin capital letter O with grave
Ó	211	00D3	Latin capital letter O with acute
Ô	212	00D4	Latin capital letter O with circumflex
Õ	213	00D5	Latin capital letter O with tilde
Ö	214	00D6	Latin capital letter O with diaeresis
×	215	00D7	multiplication sign
Ø	216	00D8	Latin capital letter O with stroke
Ù	217	00D9	Latin capital letter U with grave
Ú	218	00DA	Latin capital letter U with acute
Û	219	00DB	Latin capital letter U with circumflex
Ü	220	00DC	Latin capital letter U with diaeresis
Ý	221	00DD	Latin capital letter Y with acute
Þ	222	00DE	Latin capital letter thorn
ß	223	00DF	Latin small letter sharp s
à	224	00E0	Latin small letter a with grave
á	225	00E1	Latin small letter a with acute
â	226	00E2	Latin small letter a with circumflex
ã	227	00E3	Latin small letter a with tilde
ä	228	00E4	Latin small letter a with diaeresis
å	229	00E5	Latin small letter a with ring above
æ	230	00E6	Latin small letter ae
ç	231	00E7	Latin small letter c with cedilla
è	232	00E8	Latin small letter e with grave
é	233	00E9	Latin small letter e with acute
ê	234	00EA	Latin small letter e with circumflex
ë	235	00EB	Latin small letter e with diaeresis
ì	236	00 EC	Latin small letter i with grave
í	237	00ED	Latin small letter i with acute
î	238	00EE	Latin small letter i with circumflex
ï	239	00EF	Latin small letter i with diaeresis
ð	240	00F0	Latin small letter eth
ñ	241	00F1	Latin small letter n with tilde
ò	242	00F2	Latin small letter o with grave
ó	243	00F3	Latin small letter o with acute
ô	244	00F4	Latin small letter o with circumflex
õ	245	00F5	Latin small letter o with tilde
ö	246	00F6	Latin small letter o with diaeresis
÷	247	00F7	division sign
ø	248	00F8	Latin small letter o with stroke
ù	249	00F9	Latin small letter u with grave
ú	250	00FA	Latin small letter u with acute
û	251	00FB	Latin small letter u with circumflex
ü	252	00FC	Latin small letter u with diaeresis
ý	253	00FD	Latin small letter y with acute
þ	254	00FE	Latin small letter thorn
ÿ	255	00FF	Latin small letter y with diaeresis
Œ	338	0152	Latin capital ligature OE
œ	339	0153	Latin small ligature oe
Š	352	0160	Latin capital letter S with caron
š	353	0161	Latin small letter s with caron
Ÿ	376	0178	Latin capital letter Y with diaeresis
ƒ	402	0192	Latin small f with hook
ˆ	710	02C6	modifier letter circumflex accent
˜	732	02DC	small tilde
Α	913	0391	Greek capital letter alpha
Β	914	0392	Greek capital letter beta
Γ	915	0393	Greek capital letter gamma
Δ	916	0394	Greek capital letter delta
Ε	917	0395	Greek capital letter epsilon
Ζ	918	0396	Greek capital letter zeta
Η	919	0397	Greek capital letter eta
Θ	920	0398	Greek capital letter theta
Ι	921	0399	Greek capital letter iota
Κ	922	039A	Greek capital letter kappa
Λ	923	039B	Greek capital letter lambda
Μ	924	039C	Greek capital letter mu
Ν	925	039D	Greek capital letter nu
Ξ	926	039E	Greek capital letter xi
Ο	927	039F	Greek capital letter omicron
Π	928	03A0	Greek capital letter pi
Ρ	929	03A1	Greek capital letter rho
Σ	931	03A3	Greek capital letter sigma
Τ	932	03A4	Greek capital letter tau
Υ	933	03A5	Greek capital letter upsilon
Φ	934	03A6	Greek capital letter phi
Χ	935	03A7	Greek capital letter chi
Ψ	936	03A8	Greek capital letter psi
Ω	937	03A9	Greek capital letter omega
α	945	03B1	Greek small letter alpha
β	946	03B2	Greek small letter beta
γ	947	03B3	Greek small letter gamma
δ	948	03B4	Greek small letter delta
ε	949	03B5	Greek small letter epsilon
ζ	950	03B6	Greek small letter zeta
η	951	03B7	Greek small letter eta
θ	952	03B8	Greek small letter theta
ι	953	03B9	Greek small letter iota
κ	954	03BA	Greek small letter kappa
λ	955	03BB	Greek small letter lambda
μ	956	03BC	Greek small letter mu
ν	957	03BD	Greek small letter nu
ξ	958	03BE	Greek small letter xi
ο	959	03BF	Greek small letter omicron
π	960	03C0	Greek small letter pi
ρ	961	03C1	Greek small letter rho
ς	962	03C2	Greek small letter final sigma
σ	963	03C3	Greek small letter sigma
τ	964	03C4	Greek small letter tau
υ	965	03C5	Greek small letter upsilon
φ	966	03C6	Greek small letter phi
χ	967	03C7	Greek small letter chi
ψ	968	03C8	Greek small letter psi
ω	969	03C9	Greek small letter omega
ϑ	977	03D1	Greek small letter theta symbol
ϒ	978	03D2	Greek upsilon with hook symbol
ϖ	982	03D6	Greek pi symbol
	8194	2002	en space
	8195	2003	em space
	8201	2009	thin space
‌	8204	200C	zero width non-joiner
‍	8205	200D	zero width joiner
’	8217	2019	right single quotation mark
‪	8218	202A	single low-9 quotation mark
”	8221	201D	right double quotation mark
„	8222	201E	double low-9 quotation mark
†	8224	2020	dagger
‡	8225	2021	double dagger
•	8226	2022	bullet
…	8230	2026	horizontal ellipsis
€	8364	20AC	euro sign
™	8482	2122	trade mark sign
↑	8593	2191	upwards arrow
→	8594	2192	rightwards arrow
↓	8595	2193	downwards arrow
↔	8596	2194	Left right arrow
♠	9824	2660	black spade suit
♡	9825	2661	white heart suit
♢	9826	2662	white diamond suit
♣	9827	2663	black club suit
あ	12354	3042	hiragana letter a
ぃ	12355	3043	hiragana letter i
よ	12424	3088	hiragana letter yo