Textbook of
Biochemistry
With Clinical
Correlations, Fourth Edition
Table of Contents (Expanded) — Copyright © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
UPDATED 1 |
Eukaryotic
Cell Structure Thomas M. Devlin |
| 1.1 | Overview: Cells and Cellular Compartments |
| 1.2 | Cellular Environment: Water and Solutes |
| 1.3 | Organization and Composition of Eukaryotic Cells |
| 1.4 | Functional Role of Subcellular Organelles and Membranes |
| Clinical Correlations | |
| 1.1 | Blood Bicarbonate Concentration in Metabolic Acidosis |
| NEW 1.2 | Mitochondrial Diseases |
| 1.3 | Lysosomal Enzymes and Gout |
| NEW 1.4 | Lysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency |
| 1.5 | Zellweger Syndrome and the Absence of Functional Peroxisomes |
| UPDATED 2 | Proteins I: Composition
and Structure Richard M. Schultz and Michael N. Liebman |
| 2.1 | Functional Roles of Proteins in Humans |
| 2.2 | Amino Acid Composition of Proteins |
| 2.3 | Charge and Chemical Properties of Amino Acids and Proteins |
| 2.4 | Primary Structure of Proteins |
| 2.5 | Higher Levels of Protein Organization |
| 2.6 | Other Types of Proteins |
| 2.7 | Folding of Proteins from Randomized to Unique Structures: Protein Stability |
| 2.8 | Dynamic Aspects of Protein Structure |
| 2.9 | Methods for Characterization, Purification, and Study of Protein Structure and Organization |
| Clinical Correlations | |
| 2.1 | Plasma Proteins in Diagnosis of Disease |
| 2.2 | Differences in Primary Structure of Insulins Used in Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus |
| 2.3 | A Nonconservative Mutation Occurs in Sickle Cell Anemia |
| 2.4 | Symptoms of Diseases of Abnormal Collagen Synthesis |
| 2.5 | Hyperlipidemias |
| 2.6 | Hypolipoproteinemias |
| NEW 2.7 | Glycosylated Hemoglobin, HbA1c |
| 2.8 | Use of Amino Acid Analysis in Diagnosis of Disease |
| 3 | Proteins II: Structure
Function Relationships in Protein Families Richard M. Schultz and Michael N. Liebman |
| 3.1 | Overview |
| 3.2 | Antibody Molecules: The Immunoglobulin Superfamily |
| 3.3 | Proteins with a Common Catalytic Mechanism: Serine Proteases |
| 3.4 | DNA-Binding Proteins |
| 3.5 | Hemoglobin and Myoglobin |
| Clinical Correlations | |
| 3.1 | The Complement Proteins |
| 3.2 | Functions of Different Antibody Classes |
| 3.3 | Immunization |
| 3.4 | Fibrin Formation in a Myocardial Infarct and the Action of Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator (rt PA) |
| 3.5 | Involvement of Serine Proteases in Tumor Cell Metastasis |
| 4 | Enzymes:
Classification, Kinetics, and Control J. Lyndal York |
| 4.1 | General Concepts |
| 4.2 | Classification of Enzymes |
| 4.3 | Kinetics |
| 4.4 | Coenzymes: Structure and Function |
| 4.5 | Inhibition of Enzymes |
| 4.6 | Allosteric Control of Enzyme Activity |
| 4.7 | Enzyme Specificity: The Active Site |
| 4.8 | Mechanism of Catalysis |
| 4.9 | Clinical Applications of Enzymes |
| 4.10 | Regulation of Enzyme Activity |
| Clinical Correlations | |
| 4.1 | A Case of Gout Demonstrates Two Phases in the Mechanism of Enzyme Action |
| 4.2 | The Physiological Effect of Changes in Enzyme Km Value |
| 4.3 | Mutation of a Coenzyme Binding Site Results in Clinical Disease |
| 4.4 | A Case of Gout Demonstrates the Difference Between an Allosteric and the Substrate-Binding Site |
| 4.5 | Thermal Lability of Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Results in Hemolytic Anemia |
| 4.6 | Alcohol Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes with Different pH Optima |
| 4.7 | Identification and Treatment of an Enzyme Deficiency |
| 4.8 | Ambiguity in the Assay of Mutated Enzymes |
| UPDATED 5 | Biological Membranes:
Structure and Membrane Transport Thomas M. Devlin |
| 5.1 | Overview |
| 5.2 | Chemical Composition of Membranes |
| 5.3 | Micelles and Liposomes |
| 5.4 | Structure of Biological Membranes |
| 5.5 | Movement of Molecules Through Membranes |
| 5.6 | Channels and Pores |
| 5.7 | Passive Mediated Transport Systems |
| 5.8 | Active Mediated Transport Systems |
| 5.9 | Ionophores |
| Clinical Correlations | |
| 5.1 | Liposomes as Carriers of Drugs and Enzymes |
| 5.2 | Abnormalities of Cell Membrane Fluidity in Disease States |
| NEW 5.3 | Cystic Fibrosis and the Cl- Channel |
| 5.4 | Diseases Due to Loss of Membrane Transport Systems |
| UPDATED 6 | Bioenergetics and
Oxidative Metabolism Merle S. Olson |
| 6.1 | Energy Producing and Energy Utilizing Systems |
| 6.2 | Thermodynamic Relationships and Energy Rich Components |
| 6.3 | Sources and Fates of Acetyl Coenzyme A |
| 6.4 | The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle |
| 6.5 | Structure and Compartmentation of the Mitochondrial Membranes |
| 6.6 | Electron Transfer |
| 6.7 | Oxidative Phosphorylation |
| Clinical Correlations | |
| 6.1 | Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency |
| NEW 6.2 | Fumarase Deficiency |
| 6.3 | Mitochondrial Myopathies |
| NEW 6.4 | Subacute Necrotizing Encephalopathy |
| 6.5 | Cyanide Poisoning |
| 6.6 | Hypoxic Injury |
| 7 | Carbohydrate Metabolism I:
Major Metabolic Pathways and Their Control Robert A. Harris |
| 7.1 | Overview |
| 7.2 | Glycolysis |
| 7.3 | The Glycolytic Pathway |
| 7.4 | Regulation of the Glycolytic Pathway |
| 7.5 | Gluconeogenesis |
| 7.6 | Glycogenolysis and Glycogenesis |
| Clinical Correlations | |
| 7.1 | Alcohol and Barbiturates |
| 7.2 | Arsenic Poisoning |
| 7.3 | Fructose Intolerance |
| 7.4 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| 7.5 | Lactic Acidosis |
| 7.6 | Pickled Pigs and Malignant Hyperthermia |
| 7.7 | Angina Pectoris and Myocardial Infarction |
| 7.8 | Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency and Hemolytic Anemia |
| 7.9 | Hypoglycemia and Premature Infants |
| 7.10 | Hypoglycemia and Alcohol Intoxication |
| 7.11 | Glycogen Storage Diseases |
| 8 | Carbohydrate Metabolism
II: Special Pathways Nancy B. Schwartz |
| 8.1 | Overview |
| 8.2 | Pentose Phosphate Pathway |
| 8.3 | Sugar Interconversions and Nucleotide Sugar Formation |
| 8.4 | Biosynthesis of Complex Carbohydrates |
| 8.5 | Glycoproteins |
| 8.6 | Proteoglycans |
| Clinical Correlations | |
| 8.1 | Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase: Genetic Deficiency or Presence of Genetic Variants in Erythrocytes |
| 8.2 | Essential Fructosuria and Fructose Intolerance: Deficiency of Fructokinase and Fructose 1 Phosphate Aldolase |
| 8.3 | Galactosemia: Inability to Transform Galactose into Glucose |
| 8.4 | Pentosuria: Deficiency of Xylitol Dehydrogenase |
| 8.5 | Glucuronic Acid: Physiological Significance of Glucuronide Formation |
| 8.6 | Blood Group Substances |
| 8.7 | Aspartylglycosylaminuria: Absence of 4 L Aspartylglycosamine Amidohydrolase |
| 8.8 | Heparin Is an Anticoagulant |
| 8.9 | Mucopolysaccharidoses |
| UPDATED 9 | Lipid Metabolism I:
Utilization and Storage of Energy in Lipid Form J. Denis McGarry |
| 9.1 | Overview |
| 9.2 | Chemical Nature of Fatty Acids and Acylglycerols |
| 9.3 | Sources of Fatty Acids |
| 9.4 | Storage of Fatty Acids as Triacylglycerols |
| 9.5 | Methods of Interorgan Transport of Fatty Acids and Their Primary Products |
| 9.6 | Utilization of Fatty Acids for Energy Production |
| Clinical Correlations | |
| 9.1 | Obesity |
| NEW 9.2 | Leptin and Obesity |
| 9.3 | Genetic Abnormalities in Lipid Energy Transport |
| 9.4 | Genetic Deficiencies in Carnitine or Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase |
| 9.5 | Genetic Deficiencies in the Acyl CoA Dehydrogenases |
| 9.6 | Refsum's Disease |
| 9.7 | Diabetic Ketoacidosis |
| 10 | Lipid Metabolism II:
Pathways of Metabolism of Special Lipids Robert H. Glew |
| 10.1 | Overview |
| 10.2 | Phospholipids |
| 10.3 | Cholesterol |
| 10.4 | Sphingolipids |
| 10.5 | Prostaglandins and Thromboxanes |
| 10.6 | Lipoxygenase and Oxyeicosatetraenoic Acids |
| Clinical Correlations | |
| 10.1 | Respiratory Distress Syndrome |
| 10.2 | Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia |
| 10.3 | Atherosclerosis |
| 10.4 | Diagnosis of Gaucher's Disease in an Adult |
| NEW 11 | Amino Acid Metabolism Marguerite W. Coomes |
| NEW 11.1 | Overview |
| NEW 11.2 | Incorporation of Nitrogen into Amino Acids |
| NEW 11.3 | Transport of Nitrogen to Liver and Kidney |
| NEW 11.4 | Urea Cycle |
| NEW 11.5 | Synthesis and Degradation of Individual Amino Acids |
| Clinical Correlations | |
| NEW 11.1 | Carbamoylphosphate Synthetase and N-Acetylglutamate Synthetase Deficiencies |
| NEW 11.2 | Deficiencies of Urea Cycle Enzymes |
| NEW 11.3 | Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia |
| NEW 11.4 | Folic Acid Deficiency |
| NEW 11.5 | Phenylketonuria |
| NEW 11.6 | Disorders of Tyrosine Metabolism |
| NEW 11.7 | Parkinson's Disease |
| NEW 11.8 | Hyperhomocysteinemia and Atherogenesis |
| NEW 11.9 | Other Diseases of Sulfur Amino Acids |
| NEW 11.10 | Diseases of Metabolism of Branched Chain Amino Acids |
| NEW 11.11 | Diseases of Propionate and Methylmalonate Metabolism |
| NEW 11.12 | Diseases Involving Lysine and Ornithine |
| NEW 11.13 | Histidinemia |
| NEW 11.14 | Diseases of Folate Metabolism |
| 12 | Purine and Pyrimidine
Nucleotide Metabolism Joseph G. Cory |
| 12.1 | Overview |
| 12.2 | Metabolic Functions of Nucleotides |
| 12.3 | Chemistry of Nucleotides |
| 12.4 | Metabolism of Purine Nucleotides |
| 12.5 | Metabolism of Pyrimidine Nucleotides |
| 12.6 | Deoxyribonucleotide Formation |
| 12.7 | Nucleoside and Nucleotide Kinases |
| 12.8 | Nucleotide Metabolizing Enzymes as a Function of the Cell Cycle and Rate of Cell Division |
| 12.9 | Nucleotide Coenzyme Synthesis |
| 12.10 | Synthesis and Utilization of 5-Phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate |
| 12.11 | Compounds that Interfere with Cellular Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotide Metabolism: Chemotherapeutic Agents |
| Clinical Correlations | |
| 12.1 | Gout |
| 12.2 | Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome |
| 12.3 | Immunodeficiency Diseases Associated with Defects in Purine Nucleoside Degradation |
| 12.4 | Hereditary Orotic Aciduria |
| UPDATED13 | Metabolic
Interrelationships Robert A. Harris and David W. Crabb |
| 13.1 | Overview |
| 13.2 | Starve-Feed Cycle |
| 13.3 | Mechanisms Involved in Switching the Metabolism of Liver Between the Well-Fed State and the Starved State |
| 13.4 | Metabolic Interrelationships of Tissues in Various Nutritional and Hormonal States |
| Clinical Correlations | |
| 13.1 | Obesity |
| 13.2 | Protein Malnutrition |
| 13.3 | Starvation |
| 13.4 | Reye's Syndrome |
| 13.5 | Hyperglycemic, Hyperosmolar Coma |
| 13.6 | Hyperglycemia and Protein Glycosylation |
| 13.7 | Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus |
| 13.8 | Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus |
| 13.9 | Complications of Diabetes and the Polyol Pathway |
| 13.10 | Cancer Cachexia |
| NEW 14 | DNA I: Structure and
Conformation Stelios Aktipis |
| NEW 14.1 | Overview |
| NEW 14.2 | Structure of DNA |
| NEW 14.3 | Types of DNA Structure |
| NEW 14.4 | DNA Structure and Function |
| Clinical Correlations | |
| NEW 14.1 | DNA Vaccines |
| NEW 14.2 | Diagnostic Use of Probes in Medicine |
| NEW 14.3 | Topoisomerases in Treatment of Cancer |
| NEW 14.4 | Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin |
| NEW 14.5 | Therapeutic Potential of Triplex DNA Formation |
| NEW 14.6 | Expansion of DNA Triple Repeats and Human Disease |
| NEW 14.7 | Mutations of Mitochondrial DNA: Aging and Degenerative Diseases |
| NEW 15 | DNA II: Repair, Synthesis,
and Recombination Stelios Aktipis |
| NEW 15.1 | Overview |
| NEW 15.2 | Formation of the Phosphodiester Bond in Vivo |
| NEW 15.3 | Mutation and Repair of DNA |
| NEW 15.4 | DNA Replication |
| NEW 15.5 | DNA Recombination |
| NEW 15.6 | Sequencing of Nucleotides in DNA |
| Clinical Correlations | |
| NEW 15.1 | Mutations and the Etiology of Cancer |
| NEW 15.2 | Defects in Nucleotide Excision Repair and Hereditary Diseases |
| NEW 15.3 | DNA Ligase Activity and Bloom Syndrome |
| NEW 15.4 | DNA Repair and Chemotherapy |
| NEW 15.5 | Mismatch DNA Repair and Cancer |
| NEW 15.6 | Telomerase Activity in Cancer and Aging |
| NEW 15.7 | Inhibitors of Reverse Transcriptase in Treatment of AIDS |
| NEW 15.8 | Immunoglobulin Genes Are Assembled by Recombination |
| NEW 15.9 | Transposons and Development of Antibiotic Resistance |
| NEW 15.10 | DNA Amplification and Development of Drug Resistance |
| NEW 15.11 | Nucleotide Sequence of the Human Genome |
| 16 | RNA: Structure,
Transcription, and Processing Francis J. Schmidt |
| 16.1 | Overview |
| 16.2 | Structure of RNA |
| 16.3 | Types of RNA |
| 16.4 | Mechanisms of Transcription |
| 16.5 | Posttranscriptional Processing |
| 16.6 | Nucleases and RNA Turnover |
| Clinical Correlations | |
| 16.1 | Staphylococcal Resistance to Erythromycin |
| 16.2 | Antibiotics and Toxins that Target RNA Polymerase |
| NEW 16.3 | Fragile X Syndrome: A Chromatin Disease? |
| 16.4 | Involvement of Transcriptional Factors in Carcinogenesis |
| 16.5 | Thalassemia Due to Defects in Messenger RNA Synthesis |
| 16.6 | Autoimmunity in Connective Tissue Disease |
| UPDATED 17 | Protein
Synthesis: Translation and Posttranslational
Modifications Dohn Glitz |
| 17.1 | Overview |
| 17.2 | Components of the Translational Apparatus |
| 17.3 | Protein Biosynthesis |
| 17.4 | Protein Maturation: Modification, Secretion, and Targeting |
| 17.5 | Organelle Targeting and Biogenesis |
| 17.6 | Further Posttranslational Protein Modifications |
| NEW 17.7 | Regulation of Translation |
| 17.8 | Protein Degradation and Turnover |
| Clinical Correlations | |
| 17.1 | Missense Mutation: Hemoglobin |
| 17.2 | Disorders of Terminator Codons |
| 17.3 | Thalassemia |
| NEW 17.4 | Mutation in Mitochondrial Ribosomal RNA Results in Antibiotic-Induced Deafness |
| 17.5 | I Cell Disease |
| 17.6 | Familial Hyperproinsulinemia |
| NEW 17.7 | Absence of Posttranslational Modification: Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency |
| 17.8 | Defects in Collagen Synthesis |
| NEW 17.9 | Deletion of a Codon, Incorrect Posttranslational Modification, and Premature Protein Degradation: Cystic Fibrosis |
| UPDATED 18 | Recombinant DNA and
Biotechnology Gerald Soslau |
| 18.1 | Overview |
| 18.2 | The Polymerase Chain Reaction |
| 18.3 | Restriction Endonuclease and Restriction Maps |
| 18.4 | DNA Sequencing |
| 18.5 | Recombinant DNA and Cloning |
| 18.6 | Selection of Specific Cloned DNA in Libraries |
| 18.7 | Techniques for Detection and Identification of Nucleic Acids |
| 18.8 | Complementary DNA and Complementary DNA Libraries |
| 18.9 | Bacteriophage, Cosmid, and Yeast Cloning Vectors |
| 18.10 | Techniques to Further Analyze Long Stretches of DNA |
| 18.11 | Expression Vectors and Fusion Proteins |
| 18.12 | Expression Vectors in Eukaryotic Cells |
| 18.13 | Site Directed Mutagenesis |
| 18.14 | Applications of Recombinant DNA Technologies |
| 18.15 | Concluding Remarks |
| Clinical Correlations | |
| 18.1 | Polymerase Chain Reaction and Screening for Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
| 18.2 | Restriction Mapping and Evolution |
| NEW 18.3 | Direct Sequencing of DNA for Diagnosis of Genetic Disorders |
| NEW 18.4 | Multiplex PCR Analysis of HGPRTase Gene Defects in Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome |
| 18.5 | Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms Determine the Clonal Origin of Tumors |
| 18.6 | Site-Directed Mutagenesis of HSV IgD |
| NEW 18.7 | Normal Genes Can be Introduced into Cells with Defective Genes in Gene Therapy |
| 18.8 | Transgenic Animal Models |
| UPDATED 19 | Regulation of Gene
Expression John E. Donelson |
| 19.1 | Overview |
| 19.2 | Unit of Transcription in Bacteria: The Operon |
| 19.3 | Lactose Operon of E. coli |
| 19.4 | Tryptophan Operon of E. coli |
| 19.5 | Other Bacterial Operons |
| 19.6 | Bacterial Transposons |
| 19.7 | Inversion of Genes in Salmonella |
| 19.8 | Organization of Genes in Mammalian DNA |
| 19.9 | Repetitive DNA Sequences in Eukaryotes |
| 19.10 | Genes for Globin Proteins |
| 19.11 | Genes for Human Growth Hormone-like Proteins |
| 19.12 | Mitochondrial Genes |
| 19.13 | Bacterial Expression of Foreign Genes |
| 19.14 | Introduction of Rat Growth Hormone Gene into Mice |
| Clinical Correlations | |
| 19.1 | Transmissible Multiple Drug Resistances |
| NEW 19.2 | Duchenne/Becker Muscular Dystrophy and the Dystrophin Gene |
| 19.3 | Prenatal Diagnosis of Sickle Cell Anemia |
| 19.4 | Prenatal Diagnosis of Thalassemia |
| 19.5 | Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) |
| NEW 19.6 | Huntington Disease and Unstable Trinucleotide Expansions |
| NEW 20 | Biochemistry of Hormones
I: Polypeptide Hormones Gerald Litwack and Thomas J. Schmidt |
| 20.1 | Overview |
| 20.2 | Hormones and the Hormonal Cascade System |
| 20.3 | Major Polypeptide Hormones and Their Actions |
| 20.4 | Genes and Formation of Polypeptide Hormones |
| 20.5 | Synthesis of Amino Acid-Derived Hormones |
| 20.6 | Inactivation and Degradation of Hormones |
| 20.7 | Cell Regulation and Hormone Secretion |
| 20.8 | Cyclic Hormonal Cascade Systems |
| 20.9 | Hormone-Receptor Interactions |
| 20.10 | Structure of Receptors: b-Adrenergic Receptor |
| 20.11 | Internalization of Receptors |
| 20.12 | Intracellular Action: Protein Kinases |
| 20.13 | Oncogenes and Receptor Functions |
| Clinical Correlations | |
| 20.1 | Testing Activity of the Anterior Pituitary |
| 20.2 | Hypopituitarism |
| 20.3 | Lithium Treatment of Manic Depressive Illness: The Phosphatidylinositol Cycle |
| NEW 21 | Biochemistry of Hormones
II: Steroid Hormones Gerald Litwack and Thomas J. Schmidt |
| 21.1 | Overview |
| 21.2 | Structures of Steroid Hormones |
| 21.3 | Biosynthesis of Steroid Hormones |
| 21.4 | Metabolic Inactivation of Steroid Hormones |
| 21.5 | Cell-Cell Communication and Control of Synthesis and Release of Steroid Hormones |
| 21.6 | Transport of Steroid Hormones in Blood |
| 21.7 | Steroid Hormone Receptors |
| 21.8 | Receptor Activation: Upregulation and Downregulation |
| 21.9 | A Specific Example of Steroid Hormone Action at Cell Level: Programmed Death |
| Clinical Correlations | |
| 21.1 | Oral Contraception |
| NEW 21.2 | Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess Syndrome |
| 21.3 | Programmed Cell Death in the Ovarian Cycle |
| UPDATED 22 | Molecular Cell Biology Thomas E. Smith |
| 22.1 | Overview |
| 22.2 | Nervous Tissue: Metabolism and Function |
| 22.3 | The Eye: Metabolism and Vision |
| 22.4 | Muscle Contraction |
| 22.5 | Mechanism of Blood Coagulation |
| Clinical Correlations | |
| NEW 22.1 | Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome |
| NEW 22.2 | Myasthenia Gravis: A Neuromuscular Disorder |
| NEW 22.3 | Macula Degeneration Other Causes of Loss of Vision |
| NEW 22.4 | Niemann Pick Disease and Retinitis Pigmentosa |
| NEW 22.5 | Retinitis Pigmentosa Resulting from a de Novo Mutation in the Gene Codingfor Peripherin |
| NEW 22.6 | Chromosomal Location of Genes for Vision |
| NEW 22.7 | Troponin Subunits as Markers for Myocardial Infarction |
| NEW 22.8 | Voltage Gated Ion Channelopathies |
| NEW 22.9 | Intrinsic Pathway Defects Prekallikrein Deficiency |
| NEW 22.10 | Classic Hemophilia |
| NEW 22.11 | Thrombosis and Defects of the Protein C Pathway |
| UPDATED 23 | Biotransformations: The
Cytochromes P450 Richard T. Okita and Bettie Sue Siler Masters |
| 23.1 | Overview |
| 23.2 | Cytochrome P450: Nomenclature and Overall Reaction |
| 23.3 | Cytochrome P450: Multiple Forms |
| 23.4 | Inhibitors of Cytochrome P450 |
| 23.5 | Cytochrome P450 Electron Transport Systems |
| 23.6 | Physiological Functions of Cytochromes P450 |
| NEW 23.7 | Other Hemoprotein and Flavoprotein-Mediated Oxygenations: The Nitric Oxide Synthases |
| Clinical Correlations | |
| 23.1 | Consequences of Induction of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes |
| NEW 23.2 | Genetic Polymorphisms of Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes |
| 23.3 | Deficiency of Cytochrome P450 21 Hydroxylase |
| 23.4 | Steroid Hormone Production During Pregnancy |
| NEW 23.5 | Clinical Aspects of Nitric Oxide Production |
| UPDATED 24 | Iron and Heme Metabolism William M. Awad, Jr |
| 24.1 | Iron Metabolism: Overview |
| 24.2 | Iron-Containing Proteins |
| 24.3 | Intestinal Absorption of Iron |
| 24.4 | Molecular Regulation of Iron Utilization |
| 24.5 | Iron Distribution and Kinetics |
| 24.6 | Heme Biosynthesis |
| 24.7 | Heme Catabolism |
| Clinical Correlations | |
| NEW 24.1 | Iron Overload and Infection |
| NEW 24.2 | Duodenal Iron Absorption |
| NEW 24.3 | Mutant Iron-Responsive Element |
| NEW 24.4 | Ceruloplasmin Deficiency |
| 24.5 | Iron-Deficiency Anemia |
| 24.6 | Hemochromatosis and Iron-Fortified Diet |
| 24.7 | Acute Intermittent Porphyria |
| 24.8 | Neonatal Isoimmune Hemolysis |
| NEW 24.9 | Bilirubin UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Deficiency |
| NEW 24.10 | Elevation of Serum Conjugated Bilirubin |
| UPDATED 25 | Gas Transport and pH
Regulation James Baggott |
| 25.1 | Introduction to Gas Transport |
| 25.2 | Need for a Carrier of Oxygen in the Blood |
| 25.3 | Hemoglobin and Allosterism: Effect of 2,3 Bisphosphoglycerate |
| 25.4 | Other Hemoglobins |
| 25.5 | Physical Factors that Affect Oxygen Binding |
| 25.6 | Carbon Dioxide Transport |
| 25.7 | Interrelationships Among Hemoglobin, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen Ion, and 2,3 Bisphosphoglycerate |
| 25.8 | Introduction to pH Regulation |
| 25.9 | Buffer Systems of Plasma, Interstitial Fluid, and Cells |
| 25.10 | The Carbon Dioxide-Bicarbonate Buffer System |
| 25.11 | Acid-Base Balance and Its Maintenance |
| 25.12 | Compensatory Mechanisms |
| 25.13 | Alternative Measures of Acid-Base Imbalance |
| 25.14 | The Significance of Na+ and Cl- in Acid-Base Imbalance |
| Clinical Correlations | |
| NEW 25.1 | Diaspirin Hemoglobin |
| 25.2 | Cyanosis |
| 25.3 | Chemically Modified Hemoglobins: Methemoglobin and Sulfhemoglobin |
| 25.4 | Hemoglobins with Abnormal Oxygen Affinity |
| 25.5 | The Case of the Variable Constant |
| 25.6 | The Role of Bone in Acid-Base Homeostasis |
| 25.7 | Acute Respiratory Alkalosis |
| 25.8 | Chronic Respiratory Acidosis |
| 25.9 | Salicylate Poisoning |
| 25.10 | Evaluation of Clinical Acid-Base Data |
| 25.11 | Metabolic Alkalosis |
| UPDATED 26 | Digestion and Absorption
of Basic Nutritional Constituents Ulrich Hopfer |
| 26.1 | Overview |
| 26.2 | Digestion: General Considerations |
| 26.3 | Epithelial Transport |
| 26.4 | Digestion and Absorption of Proteins |
| 26.5 | Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydrates |
| 26.6 | Digestion and Absorption of Lipids |
| 26.7 | Bile Acid Metabolism |
| Clinical Correlations | |
| NEW 26.1 | Cystic Fibrosis |
| NEW 26.2 | Bacterial Toxigenic Diarrheas and Electrolyte Replacement Therapy |
| 26.3 | Neutral Amino Aciduria (Hartnup Disease) |
| 26.4 | Disaccharidase Deficiency |
| 26.5 | Cholesterol Stones |
| 26.6 | A-b-Lipoproteinemia |
| 27 | Principles of Nutrition I:
Macronutrients Stephen G. Chaney |
| 27.1 | Overview |
| 27.2 | Energy Metabolism |
| 27.3 | Protein Metabolism |
| 27.4 | Protein-Energy Malnutrition |
| 27.5 | Excess Protein-Energy Intake |
| 27.6 | Carbohydrates |
| 27.7 | Fats |
| 27.8 | Fiber |
| 27.9 | Composition of Macronutrients in the Diet |
| Clinical Correlations | |
| 27.1 | Vegetarian Diets and Protein-Energy Requirements |
| 27.2 | Low-Protein Diets and Renal Disease |
| 27.3 | Providing Adequate Protein and Calories for the Hospitalized Patient |
| 27.4 | Carbohydrate Loading and Athletic Endurance |
| 27.5 | High-Carbohydrate versus High-Fat Diets for Diabetics |
| 27.6 | Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk Factors for Heart Disease |
| 27.7 | Metabolic Adaptation: The Relationship between Carbohydrate Intake and Serum Triacylglycerols |
| UPDATED 28 | Principles of Nutrition
II: Micronutrients Stephen G. Chaney |
| NEW 28.1 | Overview |
| 28.2 | Assessment of Malnutrition |
| 28.3 | Recommended Dietary Allowances |
| 28.4 | Fat-Soluble Vitamins |
| 28.5 | Water-Soluble Vitamins |
| 28.6 | Energy-Releasing Water-Soluble Vitamins |
| 28.7 | Hematopoietic Water-Soluble Vitamins |
| 28.8 | Other Water-Soluble Vitamins |
| 28.9 | Macrominerals |
| 28.10 | Trace Minerals |
| 28.11 | The American Diet: Fact and Fallacy |
| 28.12 | Assessment of Nutritional Status in Clinical Practice |
| Clinical Correlations | |
| 28.1 | Nutritional Considerations for Cystic Fibrosis |
| 28.2 | Renal Osteodystrophy |
| 28.3 | Nutritional Considerations in the Newborn |
| 28.4 | Anticonvulsant Drugs and Vitamin Requirements |
| 28.5 | Nutritional Considerations in the Alcoholic |
| 28.6 | Vitamin B6 Requirements for Users of Oral Contraceptives |
| 28.7 | Diet and Osteoporosis |
| 28.8 | Nutritional Considerations for Vegetarians |
| 28.9 | Nutritional Needs of Elderly Persons |
| Appendix: | Review of Organic
Chemistry Carol N. Angstadt |