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The Wiley Encyclopedia of Environmental Pollution and Cleanup (2-Volume Set) Editor-in-Chief: Robert A. Meyers Editor: Diane Kender Dittrick Main Page for this Work Table of Contents List of Contributors

ISBN: 0-471-31612-1 Hardcover Pages: 1890 Published: March 1999

Editorial Staff

Isam Mohammed Abdel-Magid
Sudan University for Science & Technology
Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse

Fred Adams
University of Antwerp
Wilrijk, Belgium
Mass Spectrometry, Inorganic

Marc Adams
University of Waterloo
Faculty of Science, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Solid-Phase Microextraction

John Addison
John Addison Consultancy
Edinburgh, Scotland
Asbestos, Analysis of

Diana S. Aga
Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology
Dubendorf, Switzerland
Immunoassay, Environmental

Ann-Christine Albertsson
Royal Institute of Technology
Stockholm, Sweden
Biodegradable Polymers

G. Allen
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Pulp Mill Effluent Remediation

J. Angerer
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
Erlangen, Germany
Biological Materials, Analysis of Hazardous Substances

J. M. Azcue
National Water Research Institute
Burlington, Ontario, Canada
Aquatic Sediment Sampling

Sergey Babichenko
Institute of Ecology
Tallinn, Estonia
Fluorescent Signatures in Environmental Analysis

Amalendu Bagchi
Consultant
Madison, Wisconsin
Landfills

Eddie G. Baker
Battelle, Pacific Northwest Division
Richland, Washingtion
Petroleum Sludge Treatment

Ralph S. Baker
ENSR
Acton, Massachusetts
Soil Vapor Extraction

Brandon R. Ball
Parametrix, Inc.
Sumner, Washington
Ozonation, Wastewater Treatment

Shankha K. Banerji
University of Missouri
Columbia, Missouri
Carbonaceous BOD and Suspended Solids, Removal from Wastewater; Nitrogen Removal from Municipal Wastewater

Ian Barnes
Bergische Universitat
Wuppertal, Germany
Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere

Rod Barratt
The Open University
Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
Dust, Measurement of Trace Elements in

Rajat S. Basu
AlliedSignal, Inc.
Buffalo, New York
Chlorofluorocarbon Replacements, Applications of

Charles E. Baukal
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
Allentown, Pennsylvania
Oxygen-Enhanced Waste Incineration

Richard L. Bechtold
Consultant
Columbia, Maryland
Ethanol Motor Fuel; Methanol Vehicles

David J. Becker
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Omaha, Nebraska
Soil Vapor Extraction

Roger Beckie
University of British Columbia
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Hydrogeology

David J. Belson
Consultant
Nottingham, England
Earth Surface Monitoring from Space

Alain Berthod
Université Claude Bernard
Villeurbanne, France
Countercurrent Chromatography

Don Betowski
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Las Vegas, Nevada
Dyes and Pigments, Environmental Chemistry

Leon D. Betowski
Lockheed Martin Environmental Services
Las Vegas, Nevada
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Determination

Vladislav Bevc
Consultant
Danville, California
Electric Cars, Environmental Effects

A. Bevolo
Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa
Site Characterization, Expedited

Dibakar Bhattacharyya
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky
Membranes for Hazardous Wastewater Treatment; Reverse Osmosis

Michael Biddle
MBA Polymers and American Plastics Council
Washington, D.C.
Automotive Plastics, Environmental Compatibility and Recycling

J. R. Bidwell
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Blacksburg, Virginia
Ecological Toxicity Testing

Richard J. Bigda
The Technotreat Corporation
Tulsa, Arizona
Fenton's Chemistry in Wastewater Treatment

Gary A. Bishop
University of Denver
Denver, Colorado
Automobile Emissions Control; Vehicle Emission, On-Road

Gabriel Bitton
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida
Wastewater Microbiology

Dianna Blair
Sandia National Laboratories
Albuquerque, New Mexico
Volatile Organic Compounds, On-Line Monitoring Techniques

Peter Bode
Interfaculty Reactor Institute
Delft University of Technology
Delft, the Netherlands
Activation Analysis

Gordon B. Bonan
National Center for Atmospheric Research
Boulder, Colorado
Climate System Models
Land—Atmosphere Interactions

Bruce Boomer
Consultant
Prarie Village, Kansas
Air Permitting

Abdolhamid Borazjani
Mississippi State University
Mississippi State, Mississippi
Pentachlorophenol-Contaminated Soils, Bioremediation

John K. Borchardt
Shell Chemical Company
Houston, Texas
Paper Recycling; Petroleum, Enhanced Oil Recovery

Darrell J. Bosch
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Blacksburg, Virginia
Soil and Water Quality in Agriculture, Assessing and Improving

Andrew Bouie
BDM International
Gaithersburg, Maryland
Buried Radioactive Waste

Jeffrey H. Boy
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Champaign, Illinois
Lead-Based Paint Hazard Mitigation

Jacob I. Bregman
Bregman Company Inc.
Bethesda, Maryland
Environmental Impact Statements

Udo A. Th. Brinkman
Free University
Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

N.F. Brockmeier
Argonne National Laboratory
Argonne, Illinois
Carbon Dioxide Recovery from Fossil-Fueled Power Plants

Carl E. Brown
Environment Canada
Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
Oil Spill Remote Sensors

Clifford J. Bruell
University of Massachusetts
Lowell, Massachusetts
Soil Remediation by Air Sparging

Douglas Bryant
McMaster University
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Tires, Open Burning

Jens Bublitz
Universität Kiel
Kiel, Germany
Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Verónica Bucalá
Planta Piloto de Ingenieria Química
12 de Octubre 1842
Bahía Blanca, Argentina
Soil Thermal Decontamination: Fundamentals

Daniel B. Bullen
Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa
Nuclear Fuel Reserves and Production

Amar C. Bumb
Fluor Daniel GTI, Inc.
Greenville, South Carolina
Pump-and-Treat Technology, Aquifer Remediation

Nigel J. Bunce
University of Guelph
Guelph, Ontario, Canada
Dioxin-Like Compounds, Screening Assays

Lufgarde Buydens
Optical Measurement Systems
Wageningen, the Netherlands
Plastics Among Nonplastics, Identification in Mixed Waste

John Cairns, Jr.
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Blacksburg, Virginia
Ecological Toxicity Testing

Anne Camper
Montana State University
Bozeman, Montana
Microbial Quality of Drinking Water

Kirk J. Cantrell
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Richland, Washington
Sorptive Barriers for Groundwater Remediation

Andrew M. Carleton
The Pennsylvania State University
University Park, Pennsylvania
Ocean— Atmosphere Interactions

Martin R. Carter
Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada Research Centre
Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
Soil Quality Analytical Methods

Joseph A. Caruso
University of Cincinnati
Cincinnati, Ohio
Chromtography/Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Rick Cee
U. S. Department of Labor
Salt Lake City, Utah
OSHA Standards, Sampling, and Measurements

Ernesto R. Cespedes
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Vicksburg, Mississippi
Cone Penetrometer-Deployed Chemical Sensors

A. J. Cessna
National Hydrology Research Institute
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
Herbicide Residues in Biota, Determination

Wing-Hong Chan
Hong Kong Baptist University
Kowloon, Hong Kong
Formaldehyde in the Environment

Ronald Chaney
University of Connecticut
Storrs, Connecticut
Sediments, Management and Remediation of Contamination

Louis W. Chang
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
Little Rock, Arkansas
Metals, Toxicology

Prosenjit D. Chaudhuri
The BOC Group Technical Center
Murray Hill, New Jersey
Pollution Prevention Design

Baoshu Chen
TDA Research, Inc.
Wheat Ridge, Colorado
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons, Destruction of

Cary Chiou
U.S. Department of the Interior
Denver, Colorado
Soil Sorption of Organic Pollutants and Pesticides

Chen-Hwa Chiu
Bechtel Corporation
Houston, Texas
Chlorofluorocarbon Replacements, Applications of

Ming Fat Choi
Baptist University of Hong Kong
Kowloon, Hong Kong
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Detection

Chien Chung
National Tsing Hua University
Hsinchu, Taiwan Republic of China
Gamma-Ray Activation Analysis

Roy Cohen
RJC Consultants
Fairfield, Ohio
Validation of Environmental Data

Hilary Coller
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Mutational Spectra Technology

K. L. Compton
Clemson University
Anderson, South Carolina
Risk Assessment

Ronald L. Cook
TDA Research, Inc.
Wheat Ridge, Colorado
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons, Destruction of

Anthony Cooper
APV Anhydro
Copenhagen, Denmark
Volatile Organic Compounds in Wastewater, Removal and Recovery

Robert M. Counce
University of Tennessee
Knoxville, Tennessee
Gas Cleanup, Absorption

David A. Cremers
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Los Alamos, New Mexico
Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Burton B. Crocker
St. Louis, Missouri
Air PollutionControl for Stationary Sources

M. John Cullinane
U.S. Army
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
Military Toxic Materials, Destruction of

E. J. Daniels
Argonne National Laboratory
Argonne, Illinois
Carbon Dioxide Recovery from Fossil-Fueled Power Plants

W. Lee Daniels
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Blacksburg, Virginia
Reclamation of Disturbed Lands

B. E. Davies
Clemson University
Clemson, South Carolina
Lead Levels in Soil

Eric D. Davies
Lancaster University
Lancaster, England
Raman Spectroscopy in Water Analysis

S. Michael Davis
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
Oxygenated Fuel Additives, Health Effects of

Jacob de Boer
DLO-Netherlands Institute for Fisheries Research
IJmuiden, the Netherlands
Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

David DeMarini
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
Tires, Open Burning

Scott F. DeMuth
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Nuclear Materials Processing, Waste Reduction

Thomas N. Debo
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia
Stormwater Management, Municipal

Jirí Dedina
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
Prague, Czech Republic
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Hydride Generation

Henk-Jan de Geus
DLO-Netherlands Institute for Fisheries Research
IJmuiden, the Netherlands
Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Jeroen J. M. de Goeij
Interfaculty Reactor Institute
Delft University of Technology
Delft, the Netherlands
Activation Analysis

Kenneth Demars
University of Connecticut
Storrs, Connecticut
Sediments, Management and Remediation of Contamination

Lloyd E. Deuel, Jr.
Soil Analytics Services, Inc.
College Station, Texas
Salt Waste in Oil and Gas Production, Remediation

Joseph S. Devinny
University of Southern California
Los Angeles, California
Biofiltration

Antonio DiCorcia
Universita La Sapienza
Rome, Italy
Pesticides, Trace Analysis

L. C. Dickson
National Hydrology Research Institute
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
Herbicide Residues in Biota, Determination

Susan V. Diehl
Mississippi State University
Mississippi State, Mississippi
Pentachlorophenol-Contaminated Soils, Bioremediation

R. Bertrum Diemer, Jr.
E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc.
Wilmington, Delaware
Hazardous Waste Incineration

Urmila M. Diwekar
Carnegie Mellon University
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Pollution Prevention Design

Yassine Djebbar
University of Ottawa
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Volatile Organic Compounds, Air Stripping from Contaminated Groundwater

Joseph R. Donnelly
Lockheed Martin Environmental Services
Las Vegas, Nevada
Chemical Warfare Agents; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Determination

Paul V. Doskey
Argonne National Laboratory
Argonne, Illinois
Cone Penetrometer-Deployed Chemical Sensors

Lisa G. Dowden
Spiegel & McDiarmid
Washington, D.C.
Municipal Environmental Compliance

Donald E. Drinkwater
Texaco, Inc.
Beacon, New York
Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Environmental Analysis of

James A. Dyer
Consultant
Newark, Delaware
Volatile Organic Compounds, Control at Industrial Plants

Timothy M. Dyess
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
Radon In Buildings

W. Wesley Eckenfelder
Eckenfelder, Inc.
Nashville, Tennessee
Refinery Wastewater, Toxicity Reduction; Wastes, Industrial

Robert P. Eganhouse
U.S. Geological Survey
Reston, Virginia
Molecular Markers of Anthropogenic Waste

B. Eklund
Radian International LLC
Austin, Texas
Modeling Atmospheric Dispersion

Douglas C. Elliott
Battelle, Pacific Northwest Division
Richland, Washington
Petroleum Sludge Treatment

Thomas D. Ellis
E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc.
Wilmington, Delaware
Hazardous Waste Incineration

M. Eltgroth
Radian International LLC
Austin, Texas
Modeling Atmospheric Dispersion

Evan J. Englund
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Las Vegas, Nevada
Soil Sampling at Hazardous Waste Sites

V. P. Evangelou
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky
Acid Mine Drainage

Anna M. Fan
California Environmental Protection Agency
Metals, Toxicology

Robert J. Farrauto
Engelhard Corporation Research Center
Iselin, New Jersey
Air PollutionControl, Catalytic

Antonio Febo
CNR Istituto Inquinomento Atmosferico
Roma, Italy
Nitrous Acid Generation, Fate and Detection

Yaping Feng
The Open University
Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
Dust, Measurement of Trace Elements in

Mervin F. Fingas
Environment Canada Emergencies Science Division
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
BTEX Quantitation in Oils by GC/MS; Oil Spill Remote Sensors

Robert A. Fjeld
Clemson University
Anderson, South Carolina
Risk Assessment

Jerry Fosnaugh
The Dow Chemical Company
Midland, Michigan
Automotive Plastics, Environmental Compatibility and Recycling

Harold S. Freeman
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Las Vegas, Nevada
Dyes and Pigments, Environmental Chemistry

Gregory C. Frye
Sandia National Laboratories
Albuquerque, New Mexico
Volatile Organic Compounds, On-Line Monitoring Techniques

Arthur Furst
University of San Francisco
San Francisco, California
Metals, Toxicology

Yuri V. Gankin
Tufts University
Medford, Massachusetts
Polychlorinated Biphenyls Congeners Identification

Chris G. Ganotis
Wheelabrator Environmental Systems, Inc.
Hampton, New Hampshire
Municipal Waste-to-Energy Technology

R. Gijbels
University of Antwerp
Wilrijk, Belgium
Mass Spectrometry, Inorganic

Todd D. Giorgio
Vanderbilt University
Nashville, Tennessee
Supercritical Fluid Extraction for Soil Remediation

Earnest F. Gloyna
University of Texas at Austin
Austin, Texas
Supercritical Water Oxidation for Wastewater and Sludge Remediation

Michel G. Goedert
Hewlett-Packard Laboratories
Palo Alto, California
Field-Portable Instrumentation

Norbert Gonzalez-Flesca
Parc Technologique ALATA
Verneuil en halatte, France
Polluted Atmosphere Generation, Validation of

Tadeusz Gorecki
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Solid-Phase Microextraction

Judith A. Graham
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
Oxygenated Fuel Additives, Health Effects of

Michal Green
Israel Institute of Technology
Haifa, Israel
Groundwater Treatment, Nitrate Contamination

Gary Grieco
Stone & Webster
New York, New York
Air Toxic Control Strategies for Utilities

Zoe A. Grosser
The Perkin-Elmer Corporation
Norwalk, Connecticut
Inductively Coupled Plasma/Atomic Emission Spectrometry; Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Robert A. Haas
California Environmental Protection Agency
Berkeley, California
Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Detection by Immunoassay

Richard A. Haimann
CH2MHILL
Los Angeles, California
Fungal Technologies for Hazardous Waste Treatment

Martin A. Hamilton
Montana State University
Bozeman, Montana
Microbial Quality of Drinking Water

D. Alan Hansen
Electric Power Research Institute
Palo Alto, California
Air Quality Modeling

Thomas M. Harris
University of Tulsa
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Brine-Impacted Soils, Remediation

Ronald G. Harvey
University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Environment

John M. Haschke
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Los Alamos, New Mexico
Plutonium Storage

Peter Hawkins
University of the West of England
Bristol, England
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Detection

J. V. Headley
National Hydrology Research Institute
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
Herbicide Residues in Biota, Determination

Ronald M. Heck
Engelhard Corporation Research Center
Iselin, New Jersey
Air PollutionControl, Catalytic

John H. Heiser
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Upton, New York
Subsurface Containment Barrier Integrity, Verification of

Douglas T. Heitkemper
U.S. Food & Drug Administration
Cincinnati, Ohio
Chromatography/Plasma Mass Spectrometry

M.-C. Hennion
Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles
Paris, France
Bioanalytical Methods

J. A. Hestekin
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky
Membranes for Hazardous Wastewater Treatment

Douglas Hileman
Pilko & Associates, Inc.
Woodland Hills, California
ISO

Byron Y. Hill
Union Carbide Corporation
South Charleston, West Virginia
Gas Cleanup, Absorption

Jack B. Howard
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Soil Thermal Decontamination: Fundamentals

Hann S. Huang
Argonne National Laboratory
Argonne, Illinois
Hazardous Waste, Solidification and Stabilization

Charles K. Huston
Varian Chromatography Systems
Walnut Creek, California
Mass Spectrometry, Quadrupole Ion Trap

Marvin H. Hyman
Bechtel
Richland, Washington
Groundwater and Soil Remediation

Yuri Orlov Igo
Moscow State University
Moscow, Russia
Fluorescent Signatures in Environmental Analysis

K. I. Irgolic
Karl-Franzens Universitat
Österreich, Austria
Aresenic and Arsenic Compounds, Electrochemical Determination

Trevor Jackson
SAIC
Idaho Falls, Idaho
Vitrification, Plasma-Arc

William A. Jacoby
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Golden, Colorado
Trichloroethylene or Perchloroethylene Contamination, Remediation of

W. Jambers
University of Antwerp
Wilrijk, Belgium
Mass Spectrometry, Inorganic

Bruce R. James
University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland
Chromium(VI) in Soils

R. K. M. Jayanty
Research Triangle Institute
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
Carcinogens, Monitoring of Indoor Air

B. J. Jody
Argonne National Laboratory
Argonne, Illinois
Carbon Dioxide Recovery from Fossil-Fueled Power Plants

Mitchell E. Johnson
Duquesne University
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Alan S. Kao
ENVIRON
Arlington, Virginia
Air Sampling Instruments; Atmospheric Aerosols, Size Distributions

Daniel I. Kaplan
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Richland, Washington
Sorptive Barriers for Groundwater Remediation

S. Karlsson
Royal Institute of Technology
Stockholm, Sweden
Biodegradable Polymers

S. V. Karmarkar
Zellweger Analytics, Inc.
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Ion Chromatography

Alexander E. Karu
University of California
Berkeley, California
Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Detection by Immunoassay

Sidney A. Katz
Rutgers University
Camden, New Jersey
Chromium, Environmental Analytical Chemistry

Michael J. Kennish
Rutgers University
New Brunswick, New Jersey
Marine Pollution

B. M. Kim
GE Corporate Research and Development
Membranes for Hazardous Wastewater Treatment

David E. Kimbrough
Castaic Lake Water Agency
Santa Clarita, California
Elemental Pollution in Air

B. H. Kjartanson
Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa
Site Characterization, Expedited

Mark S. Klima
The Pennsylvania State University
University Park, Pennsylvania
CoalPreparation

Brian S. Kocher
Dover Chemical Corporation
Dover, Ohio
Soil Decontamination by Supercritical Water Oxidation; Supercritical Water Oxidation

Joseph Kovach
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York
Pesticides, Ranking by Environmental Impact

Konrad B. Krauskopf
Stanford University
Stanford, California
Geochemistry, Environmental

Carolien Kroeze
Wageningen Institute for Environment and Climate Research
the Netherlands
Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Control

Paul H. Krumrine
Waste Policy Institute
Gaithersburg, Maryland
Minimum Additive Waste Stabilization

James C. Ku
U.S. Department of Labor
Salt Lake City, Utah
OSHA Standards, Sampling, and Measurements

William L. Kuhn
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Richland, Washington
Radioactive Wastes, Separation Technologies

Ashok Kumar
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Champaign, Illinois
Lead-Based Paint Hazard Mitigation

Herbert Lacayo
University of Maryland
Baltimore, Maryland
Sample Size for Site Investigation

Wendy S. Lader
Spiegel & McDiarmid
Washington, D.C.
Municipal Environmental Compliance

Kate Lajtha
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon
Forest Ecosystems in a Changing Global Context

Janusz S. Laskowski
University of British Columbia
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
CoalPreparation

Barry K. Lavine
Clarkson University
Potsdam, New York
Underground Fuel Spills, Source Identification

Edward Laws
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Honolulu, Hawaii
Water Pollution Toxicology

Gary Leatherman
SAIC
Idaho Falls, Idaho
Vitrification, Plasma-Arc

Frank S. C. Lee
Hong Kong Baptist University
Kowloon, Hong Kong
Formaldehyde in the Environment

Tim LeGore
University of Maryland
Baltimore, Maryland
Sample Size for Site Investigation

Paul Lemieux
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
Tires, Open Burning

Barry Lesnik
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D.C.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Detection by Immunoassay

Lois Levitan/Joe Kovach
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York
Integrated Pest Management Program
Geneva, New York
Pesticides, Ranking by Environmental Impact

Lixiong Li
University of Texas at Austin
Austin, Texas
Supercritical Water Oxidation for Wastewater and Sludge Remediation

Steven Licht
APV Anhydro
Copenhagen, Denmark
Volatile Organic Compounds in Wastewater, Removal and Recovery

JoAnn S. Lighty
University of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah
Hazardous Waste Incineration

H. W. Liu.
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Pulp Mill Effluent Remediation

Garrick E. Louis
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia
Recycling Municipal Solid Waste

George Lunn
Consultant
Baltimore, Maryland
Laboratory Hazardous Waste, Destruction of

Milton Manes
Kent State University
Kent, Ohio
Activated Carbon Adsorption Fundamentals

W. C. Mangum
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky
Reverse Osmosis

Bruce A. Manning
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Riverside, California
Selenium Immobilization in Wastewater Remediation

Bernd Markert
Zittau
Germany
Industrial Waste Dumps, Sampling and Analysis

Joseph C. Martz
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Los Alamos, New Mexico
Plutonium Storage

Paul M. Mather
University of Nottingham
Nottingham, United Kingdom
Remote Sensing Data Systems and Networks

Tadashi Matsunaga
Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology
Tokyo, Japan
Bacterial Pathogens in Drinking Water

William H. McBride
UCLA Medical Center
Los Angeles, California
Radioprotective Agents

Brian McCarry
McMaster University
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Tires, Open Burning

Louis M. McDonald, Jr.
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky
Acid Mine Drainage

Lisa McKenzie
University of California
Irvine, California
Smoldering Biomass Fuels, Measuring and Modeling

Francis C. McMichael
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia
Recycling Municipal Solid Waste

Walt W. McNab, Jr.
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Livermore, California
Organic Contaminants in Fresh Water, Distribution and Fate

John McNurney
R.W. Beck
Denver, Colorado
Municipal Environmental Compliance

James W. Mercer
HSI GeoTrans, Inc.
Sterling, Virginia
Groundwater Transport and Remediation of Chemicals in

Markku Mesilaakso
University of Helsinki
Helsinki, Finland
Chemical Weapons Convention, NMR Analysis

Eline P. Meulenberg
ELTI Support
Nijmegen, the Netherlands
Molecular Biology, Environmental Applications; Pesticides, Immunoassay

Carol J. Miller
Wayne State University
Detroit, Michigan
Groundwater Monitoring

Fred P. Miller
The Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio
Soil as an Ecosystem

Jaffer Mohiuddin
U.S. Department of Energy
Germantown, Maryland
Buried Radioactive Waste

Gerardo A. Montero
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, North Carolina
Supercritical Fluid Extraction for Soil Remediation

Kenneth Mopper
Washington State University
Pullman, Washington
Organic Carbon, Analysis Methods for Aqueous Samples

Lidia Morawska
Queensland University of Technology
Brisbane, Australia
Indoor Air Risk Assessment and Management

Edward C. Moretti
Baker Environmental, Inc.
Coraopolis, Pennsylvania
Clean Air Act ,Regulations and Implementation

Alena Mudroch
National Water Research Institute
Burlington, Ontario, Canada
Aquatic Sediment Sampling

Kenneth L. Mulholland
Consultant
Newark, Delaware
Volatile Organic Compounds, Control at Industrial Plants

David Murray
University of Alberta
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Radioprotective Agents

Raymond L. Murray
Consultant
Raleigh, North Carolina
Nuclear Power; Nuclear Reactor Types; Nuclear Waste Management

George R. Mussoline
Environmental Standards, Inc.
Valley Forge, Pennsylvania
Chromium(VI) in Soils

T. N. Narasimhan
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Livermore, California
Organic Contaminants in Fresh Water, Distribution and Fate

Roberto M. Narbaitz
University of Ottawa
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Volatile Organic Compounds, Air Stripping from Contaminated Groundwater

Nagaraj K. Neerchal
University of Maryland
Baltimore, Maryland
Sample Size for Site Investigation

Vincent P. Nero
Texaco, Inc.
Beacon, New York
Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Environmental Analysis of

Peter A. Nick
Consultant
Yorba Linda, California
Petroleum Fuels Analysis for Meeting Regulatory Limits

B. R. Niederlehner
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Blacksburg, Virginia
Ecological Toxicity Testing

David E. B. Nightingale
EMCON, Inc.
Olympia, Washington
Household Hazardous Material Management

Scott Noesen
The Dow Chemical Company
Midland, Michigan
Automotive Plastics, Environmental Compatibility and Recycling

Mina Okochi
Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology
Tokyo, Japan
Bacterial Pathogens in Drinking Water

John E. Oliver
Indiana State University
Terre Haute, Indiana
Climate—Biosphere Interactions

Hans Oonk
TNO Institute of Environmental Sciences
Apeldoorn, the Netherlands
Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Control

Chi-Shiu Ordaz
U.S. Department of Energy
Germantown, Maryland
Minimum Additive Waste Stabilization

Yuri Orlov
Moscow State University
Moscow, Russia
Fluorescent Signatures in Environmental Analysis

Janusz Pawliszyn
University of Waterloo Faculty of Science
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Solid-Phase Microextraction

David Peakall
King's College
London, England
Biomarkers

William E. Pepelko
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D.C.
Carcinogens, Identification and Risk Assessment

Joseph J. Perona
University of Tennessee
Knoxville, Tennessee
Gas Cleanup, Absorption

Cinzia Perrino
CNR Istituto Inquinomento Atmosferico
Roma, Italy
Nitrous Acid Generation, Fate and Detection

David W. Pershing
University of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah
Hazardous Waste Incineration

Igor Persiantsev
Moscow State University
Moscow, Russia
Fluorescent Signatures in Environmental Analysis

William Peters
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Soil Thermal Decontamination: Fundamentals

Max R. Peterson
Research Triangle Institute
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
Carcinogens, Monitoring of Indoor Air

David M. Petrovski
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Chicago, Illinois
Sediments, Management and Remediation of Contamination

John R. Petrulis
University of Guelph
Guelph, Ontario, Canada
Dioxin-Like Compounds, Screening Assays

John C. Petura
Applied Environmental Management, Inc.
Malvern, Pennsylvania
Chromium(VI) in Soils

Russell W. Phifer
Environmental Assets, Inc.
West Chester, Pennsylvania
Laboratory Hazardous Waste, Management

Alice E. Pichahchy
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Los Alamos, New Mexico
Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Valerie Pichon
Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles
Paris, France
Bioanalytical Methods

David K. Pijawka
Arizona State University
Tempe, Arizona
Hazardous Waste Planning

William A. Piper
Amoco Corporation
Houston, Texas
Drilling Waste Management

Larisa Poryvkina
Institute of Ecology
Tallinn, Estonia
Fluorescent Signatures in Environmental Analysis

Patricia D. Powell
Powell & Associates Science Services
Las Vegas, Nevada
Subsurface Remediation, Iron Metal for

Robert M. Powell
Powell & Associates Science Services
Las Vegas, Nevada
Subsurface Remediation, Iron Metal for

Roger C. Prince
Exxon Research and Engineering Company
Annandale, New Jersey
Crude Oil Biodegradation

Jian-quo Qian
Washington State University
Pullman, Washington
Organic Carbon, Analysis Methods for Aqueous Samples

Jerzy M. Rajtar
New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology
Socorro, New Mexico
Radioactive Materials, Naturally Occurring

John D. Randolph
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Nuclear Materials Processing, Waste Reduction

W. Rasemann
Academy of Mining & Technology
Freiberg, Germany
Industrial Waste Dumps, Sampling and Analysis

Sergei Rebrik
University of San Francisco
San Francisco, California
Fluorescent Signatures in Environmental Analysis

Katta J. Reddy
University of Wyoming
Laramie, Wyoming
Selenium Speciation in Natural Waters

Andrew J. Reese
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia
Stormwater Management, Municipal

Abraham Reife
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Las Vegas, Nevada
Dyes and Pigments, Environmental Chemistry

Richard Reiss
OGDEN
Nashville, Tennessee
Ozone Chemistry in Buildings

Gregory Richardson
University of Connecticut
Storrs, Connecticut
Sediments, Management and Remediation of Contamination

Susan D. Richardson
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Athens, Georgia
Drinking Water Disinfection By-Products

Otto Richter
Institut fur Geographie und Geookologie
Braunschweig, Germany
Pesticides, Environmental Fate

Albert Robbat, Jr.
Tufts University
Medford, Massachusetts
Field Analytics, Dynamic Work Plans; Polychlorinated Biphenyls Congeners Identification

Kim R. Rogers
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Las Vegas, Nevada
Biosensor Technology for Environmental Measurement

Brian E. Rood
Mercer University
Macon, Georgia
Mercury, Determination in the Environment

Gregory L. Rorrer
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon
Heavy-Metal Ions, Removal from Wastewater

Mike C. Rose
U.S. Department of Labor
Salt Lake City, Utah
OSHA Standards, Sampling, and Measurements

Rolf J. Rosenberg
VIT Chemical Technology
Espoo, Finland
Radionuclides, Methods of Analysis

N. Phillip Ross
University of Maryland
Baltimore, Maryland
Sample Size for Site Investigation

Donald R. Rowe
D. R. Rowe Engineering Services, Inc.
Bowling Green, Kentucky
Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse

James F. Rusling
University of Connecticut
Storrs, Connecticut
Electrochemical Remediation of Soils

Hugh H. Russell
CHR 2 Environmental Services
Oilton, Oklahoma
Chlorinated Ethenes, Anaerobic Bioremediation

Jeffrey Ryan
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
Tires, Open Burning

Hiroshi H. Saito
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Soil Thermal Decontamination: Fundamentals

Caryn L. Sanford
Mercer University
Macon, Georgia
Mercury, Determination in the Environment

Wolfgang Schade
Universität Kiel
Kiel, Germany
Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy

K. H. Schaller
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Institute
Erlangen, Germany
Biological Materials, Analysis of Hazardous Substances

George Schneider
U.S. Department of Energy
Idaho Falls, Idaho
Buried Radioactive Waste

Karl B. Schnelle, Jr.
Vanderbilt University
Nashville, Tennessee
Air PollutionControl for Stationary Sources; Supercritical Fluid Extraction for Soil Remediation

Jüergen Schultz
Geographisches Institut
Aachen, Germany
Ecozones, Global

Brian Schumacher
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Las Vegas, Nevada
Soil Sampling at Hazardous Waste Sites

John Schwemberger
Consultant
Rockville, Maryland
Lead Paint Testing

Glenn T. Seaborg
Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkely National Laboratory
Berkeley, California
Plutonium Management and Disposition

L. John Sealock
Battelle, Pacific Northwest Division
Richland, Washington
Petroleum Sludge Treatment

Richard A. Selg
British Nuclear Fuels Limited - Savannah River Corporation
Aiken, South Carolina
Hazardous Waste Cost Control

Ananto K. Seta
Universitas Bengkulu
Bengkulu, Indonesia
Acid Mine Drainage

Guy W. Sewell
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Risk Management Research Laboratory
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Chlorinated Ethenes, Anaerobic Bioremediation

Robert W. Shaw
U.S. Army
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
Military Toxic Materials, Destruction of

Joseph Sherma
Lafayette College
Easton, Pennsylvania
Thin-Layer Chromatography

Kusiel S. Shifrin
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon
Atmospheric Aerosols, Methods of Analysis

Lee Shugart
L. R. Shugart & Associates, Inc.
Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Biomarkers

Hiba Shukairy
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio
Ozonation in Drinking Water Treatment

Markus W. Sigrist
Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, Zurich., Switzerland
Air Monitoring, Optical Spectroscopic Methods

S. K. Sikdar
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnatti, Ohio
Membranes for Hazardous Wastewater Treatment

Geoff Silcox
University of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah
Hazardous Waste Incineration

Laura J. Silva
Battelle, Pacific Northwest Division
Richland, Washington
Petroleum Sludge Treatment

Surinder P. Singh
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Nuclear Materials Processing, Waste Reduction

Walter Slavin
Bonaire Technologies
Ridgefield, Connecticut
Inductively Coupled Plasma/Atomic Emission Spectrometry; Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Leslie Smith
University of British Columbia
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Hydrogeology

William Smith
Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut
Acid Rain

J. Andy Soesilo
Western International University
Phoenix, Arizona
Hazardous Waste Planning

O. David Sparkman
O. David Sparkman & Associates
Antioch, California
Mass Spectrometry

Thomas Sprio
Princeton University
Princeton, New Jersey
Dioxin Emissions Inventory

Donald H. Stedman
University of Denver
Denver, Colorado
Automobile Emissions Control; Vehicle Emission, On-Road

G. A. Stenback
Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa
Site Characterization, Expedited

Ronald G. Stillman
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
West Chester, Pennsylvania
Hazardous Waste Cost Control

Barbara H. Stuart
University of Technology
Sydney, Australia
Infrared Spectroscopy

G. Subramanian
Consultant
Kent, England
Quality Assurance in Environmental Monitoring

Joan D. Sulzberg
Science Applications International Corporation
McLean, Virginia
Household Hazardous Material Management

Rao Y. Surampalli
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Kansas City, Kansas
Carbonaceous BOD and Suspended Solids, Removal from Municipal Wastewater; Nitrogen Removal from Municipal Wastewater

Robert W. Sylvester
Consultant
Newark, Delaware
Volatile Organic Compounds, Control at Industrial Plants

Hideshige Takada
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
Tokyo, Japan
Molecular Markers of Anthropogenic Waste

John J. Taylor
Electric Power Research Institute
Palo Alto, California
Nuclear Power Facilities Safety

Larry Taylor
Nova Tech
Westtown, Pennsylvania
Electroanalysis in Environmental Analysis

Malcolm Taylor
Mintek
Randburg, South Africa
Vanadium Speciation Analytical Methods

S. Templeman
Radian International LLC
Austin, Texas
Modeling Atmospheric Dispersion

William Thilly
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Mutational Spectra Technology

V. M. Thomas
Princeton University
Princeton, New Jersey
Dioxin Emissions Inventory

David A. Tillman
Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation
Sacramento, California
Trace Metal Emissions from CoalUtilization

Terrence Toy
University of Denver
Denver, Colorado
Reclamation of Disturbed Lands

Dimiter L. Tsalev
University of Sofia
Sofia, Bulgaria
Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

A. Tsechanski
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
Beer Sheva, Israel
Nuclear Detectors and Methods for Environmental Analysis

Wayne L. Turnberg
Washington Department of Health and University of Washington
Seattle, Washington
Biohazardous Waste

Lawrence Valcovic
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D.C.
Carcinogens, Identification and Risk Assessment

Willie van den Broek
Optical Measurement Systems
Wageningen, the Netherlands
Plastics Among Nonplastics, Identification in Mixed Waste

J. Jeffrey van Ee
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Las Vegas, Nevada
Soil Sampling at Hazardous Waste Sites

R. Van Grieken
University of Antwerp
Wilrijk, Belgium
Mass Spectrometry, Inorganic

Philip Vella
Carus Chemical Company
LaSalle, Illinois
Permanganate Wastewater Treatment

Rock J. Vitale
Environmental Standards, Inc.
Valley Forge, Pennsylvania
Chromium(VI) in Soils

Karl S. Vorres
Argonne National Laboratory
Argonne, Illinois
Coal

Arun S. Wagh
Argonne National Laboratory
Argonne, Illinois
Hazardous Waste, Solidification and Stabilization; Waste Generation

Mohan K. Wali
School of Natural Resources
The Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio
Soil as an Ecosystem

John M. Walker
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D.C.
Biosolids Management, Use and Disposal

Zhendi Wang
Environment Canada
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
BTEX Quantitation in Oils by GC/MS

Carl J. Watras
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Boulder Junction, Wisconsin
Mercury Deposition, Atmospheric Monitoring

James C. Weaver
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Electric and Magnetic Fields

Todd S. Webster
Envirogen, Inc.
Lawrenceville, New Jersey
Biofiltration

Chris Wedig
Stone & Webster
New York, New York
Air Toxic Control Strategies for Utilities

Gregory J. Wells
Varian Chromatography Systems
Walnut Creek, California
Mass Spectrometry, Quadrupole Ion Trap

Dietrich Wienke
Optical Measurement Systems
Wageningen, the Netherlands
Plastics Among Nonplastics, Identification in Mixed Waste

Ebtisam S. Wilkins
University of New Mexico
Albuquerque, New Mexico
Oil Spill Containment, Terrestrial

M. E. Williams
EET Corporation
Knoxville, Tennessee
Reverse Osmosis

William R. Williams
Praxair, Inc.
Tarrytown, New York
Chlorofluorocarbons, Destruction of

Neal E. Wilson
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
St. Paul, Minnesota
Soil Water and Groundwater Sampling

Richard Wilson
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Plutonium Burning for Weapons Disposal

Ryan D. Wilson
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Partitioning Tracers for Soil Characterization

Mary Leigh Wolfe
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Blacksburg, Virginia
Soil and Water Quality in Agriculture, Assessing and Improving

George Wolff
GM Public Policy Center
Detroit, Michigan
Air Pollution

Karen A. Wolnick
U.S. Food & Drug Administration
Cincinnati, Ohio
Chromatography/Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Alan M. Wolsky
Argonne National Laboratory
Argonne, Illinois
Carbon Dioxide Recovery from Fossil-Fueled Power Plants

J. D. Wonder
Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa
Site Characterization, Expedited

John D. Wright
TDA Research, Inc.
Wheat Ridge, Colorado
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons, Destruction of

Craig Wyman
Liskow & Lewis
New Orleans, Louisianna
Hazardous Materials Transportation

Yuk Yee Yan
Hong Kong Baptist University
Hong Kong
Climate—Biosphere Interactions

Min Yang
University of Waterloo Faculty of Science
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Solid-Phase Microextraction

Jehuda Yinon
Weizmann Institute of Science
Rehovot, Israel
Explosives Contamination, Determination in Water and Soil

Markus Zahn
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Electric and Magnetic Fields

Mark E. Zappi
Mississippi State University
Mississippi State, Mississippi
Groundwater Treatment, Explosives Contamination

John P. Zelina
University of Connecticut
Storrs, Connecticut
Electrochemical Remediation of Soils

Brenda S. Zimmer
U.S. Food & Drug Administration
Cincinnati, Ohio
Chromatography/Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Shmuel Zitrin
Israel Police Headquarters
Jerusalem, Israel
Explosives Contamination, Determination in Water and Soil