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Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
Sixth Edition
1999 Electronic Release

Managing Editor: Thomas Kellersohn

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  • Table of Contents
  • List of Contributors



  • Table of Contents

    A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

    A

    Abrasion and Erosion
    Abrasives
    Absorption
    Acaricides
    Acetaldehyde
    Acetic Acid
    Acetic Anhydride and Mixed Fatty Acid Anhydrides
    Acetone
    Acetylene
    Acridine
    Acrolein and Methacrolein
    Acrylic Acid and Derivatives
    Acrylonitrile
    Activation Analysis
    Acylation and Alkylation
    Adhesives
    Adipic Acid
    Adsorption
    Air
    Air Classifying
    Alcohols, Aliphatic
    Alcohols, Polyhydric
    Aldehydes, Aliphatic and Araliphatic
    Alkaloids
    Alkyd Resins
    Allyl Compounds
    Aluminothermic Processes
    Aluminum
    Aluminum Alloys
    Aluminum Compounds, Inorganic
    Aluminum Compounds, Organic
    Aluminum Oxide
    Amines, Aliphatic
    Amines, Aromatic
    Amino Acids
    Aminophenols
    Amino Resins
    Ammonia
    Ammonium Compounds
    Analeptics
    Analgesics and Antipyretics
    Analytical Chemistry : Purpose and Procedures
    Analytical Voltammetry and Polarography
    Anesthetics, General
    Aniline
    Anorexiants
    Anthelmintics
    Anthracene
    Anthraquinone
    Anthraquinone Dyes and Intermediates
    Antiallergic Agents
    Antiarrhythmic Drugs
    Antiasthmatic Agents
    Antibiotics
    Antidiabetic Drugs
    Antiemetics
    Antiepileptics
    Antifreezes
    Anti-inflammatory —Antirheumatic Drugs
    Antimony and Antimony Compounds
    Antimycotics
    Antioxidants
    Antiulcer Drugs
    Arsenic and Arsenic Compounds
    Artists' Colors
    Asbestos
    Asphalt and Bitumen
    Atomic Spectroscopy
    Automobile Exhaust Control
    Aviation Turbine Fuels
    Azine Dyes
    Aziridines
    Azo Dyes

    B

    Barium and Barium Compounds
    Basic Principles of Chromatography
    Batteries
    Bearing Materials
    Beer
    Benzaldehyde
    Benzene
    Benzenesulfonic Acids and Their Derivatives
    Benzidine and Benzidine Derivatives
    Benzoic Acid and Derivatives
    Benzoquinone
    Benzoquinone and Naphthoquinone Dyes
    Benzyl Alcohol
    Benzylamine
    Beryllium and Beryllium Compounds
    Beverages, Nonalcoholic
    Biochemical Separations
    Biological Control
    Biomass Chemicals
    Bioreactors
    Biotechnology
    Bismuth, Bismuth Alloys, and Bismuth Compounds
    Bleaching
    Blood
    Blood Pressure Increasing Agents
    Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
    Boric Oxide, Boric Acid, and Borates
    Boron and Boron Alloys
    Boron Carbide, Boron Nitride, and Metal Borides
    Boron Compounds
    Bread and Other Baked Products
    Bromine
    Bromine Compounds
    Bubble Columns
    Butadiene
    Butanals
    Butanediols, Butenediol, and Butynediol
    Butanols
    Butenes
    Butyrolactone

    C

    Cadmium and Cadmium Compounds
    Calcium and Calcium Alloys
    Calcium Antagonists
    Calcium Carbide
    Calcium Chloride
    Calcium Sulfate
    Cancer Chemotherapy
    Candles
    Caprolactam
    Carbamates and Carbamoyl Chlorides
    Carbazole
    Carbides
    Carbohydrates
    Carbon
    Carbon Dioxide
    Carbon Disulfide
    Carbonic Acid Esters
    Carbon Monoxide
    Carbonylation
    Carboxylic Acids, Aliphatic
    Carboxylic Acids, Aromatic
    Carcinogenic Agents
    Cardiac Glycosides and Synthetic Cardiotonic Drugs
    Cardiovascular Drugs
    Catalysis and Catalysts
    Cationic Dyes
    Cellulose
    Cellulose Esters
    Cellulose Ethers
    Cement and Concrete
    Cements, Chemically Resistant
    Centrifugation and Hydrocyclone Separation
    Ceramic Colorants
    Ceramics, Advanced Structural Products
    Ceramics, Ceramic — Metal Systems
    Ceramics, Electronic
    Ceramics, General Survey
    Cereals and Cereal Products
    Cerium Mischmetal, Cerium Alloys, and Cerium Compounds
    Cesium and Cesium Compounds
    Charcoal
    Cheese, Processed Cheese, and Whey
    Chemical and Biochemical Sensors
    Chemical Plant Design and Construction
    Chemical Products: Safety Regulations
    Chemometrics
    Chemotherapeutics
    Chitin and Chitosan
    Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
    Chlorine
    Chlorine Oxides and Chlorine Oxygen Acids
    Chloroacetaldehydes
    Chloroacetic Acids
    Chloroamines
    Chloroformic Esters
    Chlorohydrins
    Chlorophenols
    Chlorophenoxyalkanoic Acids
    Chlorosulfuric Acid
    Chocolate
    Choline
    Chromium and Chromium Alloys
    Chromium Compounds
    Cinnamic Acid
    Citric Acid
    Clays
    Cleansing Agents
    Coal
    Coal Liquefaction
    Coal Pyrolysis
    Cobalt and Cobalt Compounds
    Coffee
    Colloids
    Combinatorial Chemistry
    Combustion
    Composite Materials
    Confectionery
    Construction Ceramics
    Construction Materials in Chemical Industry
    Continuous Mixing of Fluids
    Contraception
    Cooling Tower Technology
    Copper
    Copper Alloys
    Copper Compounds
    Coronary Therapeutics
    Corrosion
    Cough Remedies
    Cresols and Xylenols
    Crop Protection
    Crotonaldehyde and Crotonic Acid
    Crown Ethers
    Cryogenic Technology
    Crystal Growth
    Crystallization and Precipitation
    Cyanamides
    Cyanates, Inorganic Salts
    Cyano Compounds, Inorganic
    Cyanuric Acid and Cyanuric Chloride
    Cyclododecanol, Cyclododecanone, and Laurolactam
    Cyclododecatriene and Cyclooctadiene
    Cyclohexane
    Cyclohexanol and Cyclohexanone
    Cyclopentadiene and Cyclopentene

    D

    Dairy Products, Imitation
    Dense-Medium Separation
    Dental Materials
    Dermatotherapeutic Agents
    Detergents
    Dextran
    Diagnostic Reagents
    Dialkyl Sulfates and Alkylsulfuric Acids
    Diazo Compounds and Diazo Reactions
    Dicarboxylic Acids, Aliphatic
    Dimensional Analysis
    Dimethyl Ether
    Dioxane
    Direct Heating with Circulating Heat Carriers
    Disinfectants
    Disperse Dyes
    Disperse Systems and Dispersants
    Display Technology
    Distillation and Rectification
    Dithiocarbamic Acid and Derivatives
    Diuretics
    Drawing and Writing Materials
    Dry Cleaning
    Drying of Solid Materials
    Drying Oils
    Dust Separation
    Dyes, General Survey

    E

    Ecology and Ecotoxicology
    Electrically Generated Heat
    Electrochemical and Chemical Deposition
    Electrochemistry
    Electroluminescent Materials and Devices
    Electronic Chemicals
    Electrophoresis
    Electrostatic Separation
    Elutriation
    Emulsions
    Energy Management in Chemical Industry
    Environmental Management in the Chemical Industry
    Enzyme and Immunoassays
    Enzymes
    Epoxides
    Epoxy Resins
    Esters, Organic
    Estimation of Physical Properties
    Ethanol
    Ethanolamines and Propanolamines
    Ethers, Aliphatic
    Ethics and Industrial Chemistry
    Ethylbenzene
    Ethylene
    Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid and Related Chelating Agents
    Ethylene Glycol
    Ethylene Oxide
    Evaporation
    Explosives

    F

    Fats and Fatty Oils
    Fatty Acids
    Fatty Alcohols
    Felts
    Ferroalloys
    Ferroelectrics
    Fertilizers
    Fiber Optics
    Fibers, 1. Survey
    Fibers, 2. Structure
    Fibers, 3. General Production Technology
    Fibers, 4. Synthetic Organic
    Fibers, 5. Synthetic Inorganic
    Fibers, 6. Testing and Analysis
    Films
    Filtration
    Fire Extinguishing Agents
    Fixed-Bed Reactors
    Flame Retardants
    Flavors and Fragrances
    Flocculants
    Floor Coverings
    Flotation
    Fluidized-Bed Reactors
    Fluid Mechanics
    Fluorescent Dyes
    Fluorine
    Fluorine Compounds, Inorganic
    Fluorine Compounds, Organic
    Fluoropolymers, Organic
    Fluorosulfuric Acid
    Foamed Plastics
    Foams and Foam Control
    Foods, 1. Survey
    Foods, 2. Food Technology
    Foods, 3. Food Additives
    Foods, 4. Food Packaging
    Formaldehyde
    Formamides
    Formic Acid
    Foundry Technology
    Fructose
    Fuel Cells
    Fungicides, Agricultural
    Furan and Derivatives
    Furs

    G

    Gallbladder and Liver Therapy
    Gallium and Gallium Compounds
    Gas Chromatography
    Gas Production
    Gelatin
    Genetic Engineering
    Germanium and Germanium Compounds
    Glass
    Glass Ceramics
    Gluconic Acid
    Glucose and Glucose-Containing Syrups
    Glycerol
    Glyoxal
    Glyoxylic Acid
    Gold, Gold Alloys, and Gold Compounds
    Gout Remedies
    Gravity Concentration
    Guanidine and Derivatives

    H

    Hafnium and Hafnium Compounds
    Hair Preparations
    Hard Materials
    Heat Exchange
    Heating Oil
    Heat Storage Media
    Hexamethylenediamine
    High-Performance Fibers
    High-Pressure Technology
    High-Temperature Materials
    High-Throughput Screening
    Holography
    Hormones
    Hydraulic Fluids
    Hydrazine
    Hydrazoic Acid and Azides
    Hydrides
    Hydrocarbons
    Hydrochloric Acid
    Hydrogen
    Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation
    Hydrogen Peroxide
    Hydrogen Sulfide
    Hydroquinone
    Hydroxycarboxylic Acids, Aliphatic
    Hydroxycarboxylic Acids, Aromatic
    Hydroxylamine
    Hypnotics

    I

    Ice Cream and Frozen Desserts
    Imaging Technology
    Imidazole and Derivatives
    Immobilized Biocatalysts
    Immunotherapy and Vaccines
    Inclusion Compounds
    Indicator Reagents
    Indigo and Indigo Colorants
    Indium and Indium Compounds
    Indole
    Information and Documentation
    Information Storage Materials
    Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy
    Inorganic Polymers
    Insect Control
    Insulation, Electric
    Interferons
    Iodine and Iodine Compounds
    Ion Exchangers
    Iron
    Iron Compounds
    Isocyanates, Organic
    Isoprene
    Isotopes, Natural

    K

    Ketenes
    Ketones

    L

    Laboratory Information and Management Systems (LIMS)
    Lactic Acid
    Lactose and Derivatives
    Lamps
    Laser Analytical Spectroscopy
    Laser Dyes
    Lasers
    Laxatives
    Lead
    Lead Alloys
    Lead Compounds
    Leather
    Leather Imitates
    Lecithin
    Legal Aspects
    Leuco Esters of Vat Dyes
    Lignin
    Lime and Limestone
    Liquefied Petroleum Gas
    Liquid Chromatography
    Liquid Crystals
    Liquid —Liquid Extraction
    Liquid —Solid Extraction
    Lithium and Lithium Compounds
    Local Anesthetics
    Lubricants and Related Products
    Luminescent Materials

    M

    Magnesium Magnesium Alloys
    Magnesium Compounds
    Magnetic Materials
    Magnetic Separation
    Maleic and Fumaric Acids
    Malonic Acid and Derivatives
    Manganese and Manganese Alloys
    Manganese Compounds
    Margarines and Shortenings
    Mass Spectrometry
    Matches
    Mathematical Modeling
    Mathematics in Chemical Engineering
    Mechanical Properties and Testing of Metallic Materials
    Melamine and Guanamines
    Membranes and Membrane Separation Processes
    Mercaptoacetic Acid and Derivatives
    Mercury, Mercury Alloys, and Mercury Compounds
    Metal-Complex Dyes
    Metallic Glasses
    Metallic Soaps
    Metallocenes
    Metallurgical Furnaces
    Metallurgy
    Metal-Matrix Composites
    Metals, Surface Treatment
    Methacrylic Acid and Derivatives
    Methane
    Methanol
    Methine Dyes and Pigments
    Methylamines
    Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether
    Mica
    Microbiocides
    Microencapsulation
    Microreactors
    Microscopy
    Milk and Dairy Products
    Mineral Sorting
    Mirrors
    Mixing, Introduction
    Mixing of Highly Viscous Media
    Mixing of Solids
    Model Reactors and Their Design Equations
    Molecular Modeling
    Molluscicides
    Molybdenum and Molybdenum Compounds
    Monoclonal Antibodies
    Monosodium Glutamate
    Motor Fuels
    Mutagenic Agents

    N

    Naphthalene and Hydronaphthalenes
    Naphthalene Derivatives
    Naphthalimide Dyes and Pigments
    Naphthoquinones
    Natural Gas
    Nematocides
    Neuropharmacology
    Nickel
    Nickel Alloys
    Nickel Compounds
    Niobium and Niobium Compounds
    Nitrates and Nitrites
    Nitric Acid, Nitrous Acid, and Nitrogen Oxides
    Nitrides
    Nitriles
    Nitrilotriacetic Acid
    Nitro and Nitroso Dyes
    Nitro Compounds, Aliphatic
    Nitro Compounds, Aromatic
    Nitrogen
    Nitrogen Fixation
    Noble Gases
    Noise and Vibration
    Nondestructive Testing
    Nonlinear Optics
    Nonwoven Fabrics
    Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
    Nuclear Technology
    Nucleic Acids

    O

    Occupational Health and Safety
    Octane Enhancers
    Oil, Oil Refining
    Oil Shale
    Ophthalmological Preparations
    Optical Brighteners
    Optically Active Compounds
    Optical Materials
    Oral Hygiene Products
    Organometallic Compounds and Homogeneous Catalysis
    Oxalic Acid
    Oxidation
    Oxocarboxylic Acids
    Oxo Synthesis
    Oxygen
    Ozone

    P

    Paints and Coatings
    Paper and Pulp
    Parasympatholytics and Parasympathomimetics
    Parkinsonism Treatment
    Particle Size Analysis and Characterization of a Classification Process
    Patents
    Peat
    Pentanols
    Peptide and Protein Hormones
    Peptide Synthesis
    Perfumes
    Peroxo Compounds, Inorganic
    Peroxy Compounds, Organic
    Petroleum Coke
    Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
    Pharmaceuticals, General Survey and Development
    Phase-Transfer Catalysis
    Phenol
    Phenol Derivatives
    Phenolic Resins
    Phenothiazine and Derivatives
    Phenylacetic Acid
    Phenylene- and Toluenediamines
    Phosgene
    Phosphate Fertilizers
    Phosphoric Acid and Phosphates
    Phosphorus
    Phosphorus Compounds, Inorganic
    Phosphorus Compounds, Organic
    Photochemistry
    Photoelectricity
    Photography
    Photovoltaic Cells
    Phthalic Acid and Derivatives
    Phthalocyanines
    Pigments, Inorganic
    Pigments, Organic
    Pinch Technology
    Plant and Process Safety
    Plant Growth Regulators
    Plasma Reactions
    Plasticizers
    Plastics, Additives
    Plastics, Analysis
    Plastics, General Survey
    Plastics, Processing
    Plastics, Properties and Testing
    Plastics, Recycling
    Platinum Group Metals and Compounds
    Plutonium and Plutonium Compounds
    Polyacrylamides and Poly(Acrylic Acids)
    Polyacrylates
    Polyamides
    Polycarbonates
    Polyester Resins, Unsaturated
    Polyesters
    Polyimides
    Polymer Blends
    Polymerization Processes
    Polymers, Electrically Conducting
    Polymers, High-Temperature
    Polymethacrylates
    Polyolefins
    Polyoxyalkylenes
    Polyoxymethylenes
    Poly(Phenylene Oxides)
    Polysaccharides
    Polystyrene and Styrene Copolymers
    Polyurethanes
    Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
    Polyvinyl Compounds, Others
    Poly(Vinyl Esters)
    Poly(Vinyl Ethers)
    Poly(Vinylidene Chloride)
    Potassium and Potassium Alloys
    Potassium Compounds
    Powder Metallurgy and Sintered Materials
    Principles of Chemical Reaction Engineering
    Printing Inks
    Process Control Engineering
    Process Development
    Process-Scale Chromatography
    Production-Integrated Environmental Protection
    Propanal
    Propanediols
    Propanols
    Propellants
    Propene
    Propionic Acid and Derivatives
    Propylene Oxide
    Prostaglandins
    Protective Gases
    Proteins
    Psychopharmacological Agents
    Purine Derivatives
    Pyrazolone Derivatives
    Pyridine and Pyridine Derivatives
    Pyrimidine and Pyrimidine Derivatives
    Pyrotechnics
    Pyrrole

    Q

    Quinoline and Isoquinoline

    R

    Radiation Chemistry
    Radiation Heating
    Radionuclides
    Radionuclides in Analytical Chemistry
    Radiopaque Media
    Rare Earth Elements
    Raw Materials and Energy
    Reaction Columns
    Reactive Dyes
    Reactor Types and Their Industrial Applications
    ß-Receptor Blocking Agents
    Reduction
    Refractory Ceramics
    Refrigeration Technology
    Reinforced Plastics
    Release Agents
    Resins, Natural
    Resins, Synthetic
    Resorcinol
    Resources of Oil and Gas
    Rhenium and Rhenium Compounds
    Rheometry
    Rodenticides
    Rubber, 1. Survey
    Rubber, 2. Natural
    Rubber, 3. Synthetic
    Rubber, 4. Chemicals and Additives
    Rubber, 5. Technology
    Rubber, 6. Testing
    Rubidium and Rubidium Compounds

    S

    Salicylic Acid
    Sample Preparation for Trace Analysis
    Sampling
    Saponins
    Screening
    Sealing Materials
    Seasonings
    Sedatives
    Sedimentation
    Selenium and Selenium Compounds
    Semiconductors
    Separation Processes, Introduction
    Shoe Polishes
    Silica
    Silicates
    Silicon
    Silicon Carbide
    Silicon Compounds, Inorganic
    Silicon Compounds, Organic
    Silicones
    Silk
    Silver, Silver Compounds, and Silver Alloys
    Single Cell Proteins
    Sintered Steel and Iron
    Size Enlargement
    Size Reduction
    Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
    Skin Cosmetics
    Soaps
    Sodium Amide
    Sodium and Sodium Alloys
    Sodium Carbonates
    Sodium Chloride

    Sodium Compounds, Organic
    Sodium Hydroxide
    Sodium Sulfates
    Soil
    Solar Technology
    Soldering and Brazing
    Solid —Liquid Separation, Introduction
    Solids Handling
    Solid—Solid Separation, Introduction
    Solids Technology, Introduction
    Solvents
    Sonochemistry
    Sorbic Acid
    Spasmolytics
    Specialty Plastics
    Spirits
    Sprayforming of Metals
    Spraying and Atomizing of Liquids
    Stains, Microscopic
    Starch
    Steel
    Steroids
    Stirred-Tank and Loop Reactors
    Stirring
    Strontium and Strontium Compounds
    Structure Analysis by Diffraction
    Styrene
    Sublimation
    Sugar
    Sugar Alcohols
    Sulfamic Acid
    Sulfides, Polysulfides, and Sulfanes
    Sulfinic Acids and Derivatives
    Sulfites, Thiosulfates, and Dithionites
    Sulfones and Sulfoxides
    Sulfonic Acids, Aliphatic
    Sulfur
    Sulfur Dioxide
    Sulfur Dyes
    Sulfur Halides
    Sulfuric Acid and Sulfur Trioxide
    Superconductors
    Surface Analysis
    Surfactants
    Surgical Materials
    Sweeteners
    Sympatholytics and Sympathomimetics

    T

    Talc
    Tall Oil
    Tantalum and Tantalum Compounds
    Tapes, Adhesive
    Tar and Pitch
    Tar Sands
    Tartaric Acid
    Tea
    Tellurium and Tellurium Compounds
    Teratogenic Agents
    Terephthalic Acid, Dimethyl Terephthalate, and Isophthalic Acid
    Terpenes
    Tetrahydrofuran
    Textile Auxiliaries
    Textile Dyeing
    Textile Printing
    Textile Technology
    Thallium and Thallium Compounds
    Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
    Thermoelectricity
    Thermoplastic Elastomers
    Thermosets
    Thin-Film Reactors
    Thin Films
    Thin Layer Chromatography
    Thiocyanates and Isothiocyanates, Organic
    Thiocyanates, Inorganic
    Thiols and Organic Sulfides
    Thiophene
    Thiourea and Thiourea Derivatives
    Thorium and Thorium Compounds
    Three-Phase Trickle-Bed Reactors
    Thyrotherapeutic Agents
    Tin, Tin Alloys, and Tin Compounds
    Tires
    Titanium, Titanium Alloys, and Titanium Compounds
    Tobacco
    Toluene
    Toluidines
    Toxicology
    Trace Analysis
    Transport, Handling, and Storage
    Transport Phenomena
    Transuranium Elements
    Triarylmethane and Diarylmethane Dyes
    Tubular Reactors
    Tungsten, Tungsten Alloys, and Tungsten Compounds
    Turpentines

    U

    Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy
    Uranium, Uranium Alloys, and Uranium Compounds
    Urea

    V

    Vacuum Technology
    Vanadium and Vanadium Compounds
    Veterinary Drugs
    Vinegar
    Vinyl Esters
    Vinyl Ethers
    Visualization Techniques in Process Engineering
    Vitamins

    W

    Waste
    Wastewater
    Water
    Waxes
    Weed Control
    Weighing
    Welding and Cutting
    Whiskers
    Whitewares
    Wind Energy
    Wine
    Wood
    Wood, Preservation
    Wood, Surface Treatment
    Wool

    X

    Xanthates
    X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
    Xylenes
    Xylidines

    Y

    Yeasts

    Z

    Zeolites
    Ziegler Processes
    Zinc
    Zinc Alloys
    Zinc Compounds
    Zirconium and Zirconium Compounds


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