Computer Games
Designing Consumer Products for Ease of Use
Domestic appliances
Electronic Calculators
Facsimile Equipment
Home Automation
Home Computing Services
Musical Instruments
Optical CD-ROMs for Consumer Electronics
Personal Computing
Personal Information Management Systems
Video Telephony

Automated Highways
Automatic Guided Vehicles
Computer Vision
Electronic Components
Fault Diagnosis
Fuzzy Logic
Fuzzy Logic Control
Industrial Control
Neural Net Applications
Neural Nets for Feedback Control
Relay Control

Capacitor Insulation
Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids
Conduction and Breakdown in Gases
Dielectric Measurement
Dielectric Polarization
Electrets
Electrical Trees, Physical Mechanisms and Experimental Techniques
Gaseous Insulation
Insulation Aging Models
Insulation Aging Testing
Insulation Testing
Liquid Insulation
Machine Insulation
Outdoor Insulation
Partial Discharges
Space Charge
Transformer Insulation
Vacuum Insulation
Water Treeing

Computer-Aided Instruction
Computer Engineering Education
Continuing Education
Educational Trends
Electrical Engineering Curricula
Electrical Engineering Education
Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Management Education
Professional Preparation

Electromagnetic Shielding
Lightning, Lightning Protection and Test Standards
Noise and Interference Modeling
Telephone Interference
Whistlers

Acoustic Charge Transport Devices
Activation Energy
Avalanche Diodes
Bipolar Permeable Transistor
Bipolar Transistors
Cathode-Ray Tubes
Cathodes
Charge Injection Devices
Crossed-Field Amplifier
C-V Profiles
Deep-Level Transient Spectroscopy
Diamond-Based Semiconducting Devices
Diffusion
Diodes
Electric Breakdown in Semiconductors
Electroluminescence
Electromigration
Electron and Hole Mobility in Semiconductor Devices
Electro-Optical Devices
Electrons
Epitaxial Growth
Field Emission
Gas-Discharge Display
Gate Dielectrics
Gunn or Transferred-Electron Devices
Gyrotron
Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor
Heterostructure Devices
High-Field Effects
Hot Carriers
Image Sensors
Infrared Detector Arrays, Uncooled
Isolation
Junction Gate Field Effect Transistors
Klystron
Light-Emitting Diodes, Devices
Liquid Crystal Display
Lithography
Metal Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors
Metal Semiconductor Metal Photodetectors
Micromachined Devices and Fabrication Technologies
Modulation Doped FETS
Monte Carlo Analysis
Narrow Band Gap Semiconductors
Negative Resistance
Noise, High-Frequency
Noise, Hot Carrier Effects
Noise, Low-Frequency
Ohmic Contacts
Organic Semiconductor Devices
Photodetectors Quantum Well
Power Devices
Radiation Effects
Resonant Tunneling Diodes
Schottky Barriers
Schottky Oxide Ramp Diodes
Silicon-on-Insulator Devices
Solar Cells
Static Induction Transistors
Superconducting Electronics
Surface States
Thin Film Devices
Thyristor Types
Transit Time Devices
Traps
Traveling Wave Tubes
Tunnel Devices

Accumulation Layers
Band Gap Tuning
Bimetals
Conducting Materials
Eddy Currents
Electrical Trees in Solids
Electrolytes
Electrostatic Discharge
Gettering in Silicon
Hopping Conduction
Organic Semiconductors
Peltier Effect
Photorefractive Properties of Gallium Arsenide and Superlattices
Piezoelectric Actuators
Piezoelectric Devices
Piezoelectricity
Pyroelectricity
Resistance Heating
III-VI Semiconductors
IV-VI Semiconductors
Semiconductor Boltzmann Transport Equation
Semiconductor-Electrolyte Interfaces
Semiconductor Epitaxial Layers
Semiconductor-Insulator Interfaces
Semiconductor-Insulator-Semiconductor Structures
Semiconductor Ultrasound Treatment
Static Electrification
Ternary Semiconductors
Transport in Semiconductors, Dynamics of Carriers
Triboelectricity
Zener Effect

Air Pollution Control
Dc Machines
Diesel-Electric Generators
Diesel-Electric Power Stations
Electric machine analysis and simulation
Electrochemical Electrodes
Electrostatic Precipitators
Electrothermal Launchers
Fuel Cell Power Plants
Gas Turbine Power Stations
Geothermal Power
Homopolar and Inductor Machines
HVDC Power Converters
Hydraulic Turbines
Hydroelectric generators
Hydrogen Energy Systems
Hydrothermal Power Systems
Magnetohydrodynamic Power Plants
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
Solar Energy Conversion
Solar heating
Steam Turbines
Synchronous Motor Drives
Thermal energy storage
Thermionic conversion
Thermoelectric Conversion
Turbogenerators
Waste-to-Energy Power Plants
Wind Power
Wind Power Plants
Wind Turbines

Accounting
Aircraft Maintenance
Branch Automation
Business Data Processing
Business Process Reengineering
Computer-Aided Production Planning
Concurrent Engineering
Contracts
Corporate Modeling
Cost Analysis
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Critical Path Analysis
Datawarehousing
Dispatching
Economics of Telecommunications Systems
Educational Technology
Entrepreneuring
Expert Decision System for Robot Selection
Forecasting Theory
High Technology Marketing
Human Resource Management
Information Retrieval and Access
Insurance
Intellectual Property
International Trade
Investment
Law Administration
Life Cycle Optimization
Management Information Systems
Management of Change
Manufacturing Resources Planning
Operations Research Decision Making
Outsourcing
PERT
Project Management
Research Initiatives
Risk Management
Sales and Marketing Management
Scheduling
Value Engineering

Fuzzy Control
Fuzzy Image Processing and Recognition
Fuzzy Information Retrieval and Databases
Fuzzy Model Fundamentals
Fuzzy Neural Nets
Fuzzy Pattern Recognition
Fuzzy Statistics
Fuzzy Systems
Possibility Theory

Electromagnetic Subsurface Remote Sensing
Geographic Information Systems
Geophysical Signal Processing
Information Processing for Remote Sensing
Meteorological Radar
Microwave Propagation and Scattering for Remote Sensing
Microwave Remote Sensing Theory
Oceanic Remote Sensing
Remote Sensing by Radar
Remote Sensing Geometric Corrections
Visible and Infrared Remote Sensing

Camera Calibration for Image Processing
Holographic Storage
Image and Video Coding
Image Color Analysis
Image Enhancement
Image Processing
Image Processing Equipment
Image Texture
Infrared Imaging
Microscope Image Processing and Analysis

Alarm Systems
Boundary-Scan Testing
Computer Integrated Manufacturing
Computerized monitoring
Fault Location
Filament Lamps
ISDN
Laser Desktop Machining
Lighting Control
Manufacturing Processes
Postal Services
Safety Systems

Ac Motor Protection
Automation and Control Equipment
Cement Industry
Electrolytic Cell Safety
Electrophotography
Electrostatic Processes
Grounding
Industrial Heating
Industrial Lighting
Mechatronics
Metals Industry
Mining
Paper Industry, System Identification and Modeling
Petroleum Industry
Variable Speed Drives

Algebraic Coding Theory
Cryptography
Data Compression Codes, Lossy
Estimation Theory
Image Codes
Information Theory
Information Theory of Data Transmission Codes
Information Theory of Modulation Codes and Waveforms
Information Theory of Multiaccess Communications
Information Theory of Radar and Sonar Waveforms
Information Theory of Spread-Spectrum Communication
Maximum Likelihood Imaging
Queueing Theory
Signal Detection Theory
Trellis-Coded Modulation

Acceleration Measurement
Accelerometers
Acoustic Variables Measurement
Acoustic Wave Interferometers
Ammeters
Attenuation Measurement
Automatic Test Equipment
Balances
Bridge Instruments
Capacitance Measurement
Charge Measurement
Chemical Sensors
Clocks in Telecommunications
Compasses
Current Shunts
Current Transformers
Data Recording
Density Measurement
Digital Multimeters
Displacement Measurement
Dynamometers
Eddy Current Nondestructive Evaluation
Eddy Current Testing
Electric Current Measurement
Electric Distortion Measurement
Electric Noise Measurement
Electric Sensing Devices
Electric Strength
Electromagnetic Field Measurement
Electrometers
Electron Microscopes
Energy Measurement
Fiberoptic Sensors
Flowmeters
Frequency and Time Interval Meters
Frequency Stability
Frequency Standards, Characterization
Goniometers
Gravimeters
Gyroscopes
Hall Effect Transducers
Hygrometers
Impulse Testing
Inductance Measurement
Instrumentation Amplifiers
Instruments
Instrument Transformers
Intelligent Biosensors
Interferometers
Intermodulation measurement
Level Meters
Loss-Angle Measurement
Magnetic Field Measurement
Magnetic Sensors
Mass Spectrometers
Measurement Errors
Measurement of Frequency, Phase Noise and Amplitude Noise
Millimeter-Wave Measurement
Multimeters
Ohmmeters
Oscilloscopes
Phase Meters
pH Measurement and Control
Photometers
Photometric Light Sources
Piezoresistive Devices
Power Factor Measurement
Power Measurement
Power Meters
Pressure Sensors
Pulse Height Analyzers
Pyrometers
Q-Factor Measurement
Q-Meters
Radiometry
Radiotelemetry
Recorders
Reflectometers, Time-Domain
Scintillation Counters
Standing Wave Meters and Network Analyzers
Strain Sensors
Tachometers
Temperature Sensors
Thermistors
Thermocouples
Thermopiles
Thin Film Analyzers
Time Measurement
Torquemeters
Ultraviolet Detectors
Velocimeters
Viscometers
Volt-Ampere Meters
Watthour Meters
Wattmeters
Wavelength Meter
Weighing
X-Ray Microscopy

AI Languages and Processing
Artificial Intelligence, Generalization
Belief Maintenance
Cognitive Systems
Cooperative Database Systems
Data Analysis
Database Architectures
Database Design
Database Languages
Database Mining
Database Models
Database Processing
Data Reduction
Data Security
Data Structures and Algorithms
Deductive Databases
Distributed Databases
Expert Systems
Information Science
Knowledge Acquisition
Knowledge Engineering
Knowledge Management
Knowledge Verification
Machine Learning
Object-Oriented Database for Radar Signature Analysis
Object-Oriented Databases
Parallel Database Management Systems
Planning
Relational Databases
Spatial Databases
Statistical Databases
Temporal Databases
Theorem Proving
Very Large Databases

Electro-Optical Filters
Electro-Optical Switches
Integrated Optic Waveguides
Nonlinear Optics
Optical Communication
Optical Materials
Optical Properties
Optical Waveguide Transitions
Photonic Crystals

Eddy Current Losses
Electromagnetic Ferrite Tile Absorber
Ferroresonance
Magnetic Bubble Memory
Magnetic Circuits
Magnetic Epitaxial Layers
Magnetic Flux
Magnetic Levitation
Magnetic Logic
Magnetic Materials
Magnetic Media, Imaging
Magnetic Media, Magnetization Reversal
Magnetic Methods of Nondestructive evaluation
Magnetic Modeling
Magnetic Noise, Barkhausen Effect
Magnetic Particles
Magnetic Recording Heads
Magnetic Refrigeration
Magnetic Resonance
Magnetic Semiconductors
Magnetic Shielding
Magnetic Storage Media
Magnetic Structure
Magnetic switching
Magnetic Tape Equipment
Magnetic Tape Recording
Magnetic Tapes
Magnetic Variables Control
Magnetoresistance
Magnetostrictive Devices
Permanent Magnets
Saturable Core Reactors
Soft Magnetic Materials
Superconducting Electromagnets
Thermal Magnetoresistance

Biomedical NMR
Computerized Tomography
Diagnostic Imaging
Magnetic Source Imaging
Radionuclide Imaging
Tomography
X-Ray Apparatus

Laser Beam Machining
Micromechanical Resonators

Acoustic Microwave Devices
Cavity Resonators
Chirality
Dielectric Resonator Filters
Dielectric Resonator Oscillators
Directional Couplers
Electromagnetic Modeling
Ferrite-Loaded Waveguides
Ferrite Phase Shifters
Finline Components
Finlines
High-Frequency Transmission Lines
IMPATT Diodes and Circuits
Magnetic Microwave Devices
Microstrip Lines
Microwave Amplifiers
Microwave Circuits
Microwave Detectors
Microwave Ferrite Materials
Microwave Heating
Microwave Isolators
Microwave Limiters
Microwave Oscillators
Microwave Parametric Amplifiers
Microwave Phase Shifters
Microwave Receivers
Microwave Switches
Microwave Tubes
Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits
Numerical Modeling of Circulators
Power Combiners and Dividers
Quasi-Optical Circuits
Radio-Frequency Multipliers
Skin Effect
Slot Line Components
Slot Lines
Slow Wave Structures
Stripline Components
Striplines
Superconducting Microwave Technology
Waveguides

Authoring Systems
Distributed Multimedia Systems
Document Interchange Standards
Hypermedia
Multimedia Audio
Multimedia Information Systems
Multimedia Video

Asynchronous Transfer Mode Networks
Channel Coding
Client-Server Systems
Code Division Multiple Access
Data Compression for Networking
Ethernet
Group Communication
High-Speed Protocols
Intelligent Networks
Internetworking
ISO OSI Layered Protocol Model
Local Area Networks
Metropolitan Area Networks
Mobile Network Objects
Multicast Algorithms
Multiple Access Schemes
Network Design
Network Flow and Congestion Control
Network Management
Network Operating Systems
Network Performance and Queueing Models
Network Reliability and Fault-Tolerance
Network Routing Algorithms
Remote Procedure Calls
Signaling
Telephone Networks
Token Ring Networks

ART Neural Nets
Boltzmann Machines
Cerebellar Model Arithmetic Computers
Constructive Learning and Structural Learning
Divide and Conquer Methods
Feedforward Neural Nets
Neural Architecture in 3-D
Neural Chips
Neural Net Architecture
Neural Nets Based on Biology
Neural Nets, Hopfield
Neurocontrollers
Optical Neural Nets
Perceptrons
Self-Organizing Feature Maps

Dosimetry
Fission Chambers
Fusion Reactor Instrumentation
Fusion Reactors
Ionization Chambers
Light Water Reactor Control Systems
Nuclear Engineering
Nuclear Power Station Design
Particle Spectrometers
Photomultipliers
Radiation Detection
Radiation Monitoring

Hydrophones
Oceanographic Equipment
Sonar Signal Processing
Sonar Target Recognition
Sonar Tracking
Underwater Acoustic Communication
Underwater Sound Projectors
Underwater Vehicles

Array and Pipelined Processors
Data-Flow and Multithreaded Architectures
Distributed Memory Parallel Systems
Heterogeneous Distributed Computing
Interconnection Networks for Parallel Computers
Multiprogramming and Multiprocessing
Parallel and Vector Programming Languages
Parallel Database Systems
Parallel Numerical Algorithms and Software
Parallel Processing, Superscalar and VLIW Processors
Parallel Programming Tools

Active Perception
Artificial Intelligence
Document Image Processing
Face Recognition
Feature Extraction
Fingerprint Identification
Image Classification
Image Processing Contrast Enhancement
Image Scanners
Image Segmentation
Inspection in Semicondutor Manufacturing
Maximum Likelihood Detection
Motion Analysis by Computer
Online Handwriting Recognition
Optical and Electrooptical Image Converters
Optical Character Recognition
Pattern Recognition
Range Images
Stereo Image Processing

Acousto-optical Devices
Chemical Lasers
Coherence
Electroabsorption
Faraday Effect
Focal Planes
Integrated Optoelectronics
Light-Emitting Diodes
Mark Scanning Equipment
Optical Amplifiers
Optical Filters
Optical Harmonic Generation Parametric Devices
Optical Radar
Optical Waveguide Components
Optoelectronics in VLSI Technology
Photoconducting Switches
Photoconductivity
Photoelectrets
Photoemission
Photorefractive Effect
Photoresistors
Photothyristors
Photovoltaic Effects
Spontaneous Emission
Submillimeter Wave Lasers

Electron Impact Ionization
Electrorheology
Field ionization
Fusion Plasmas
Plasma Chemistry
Plasma Deposition
Plasma Implantation
Plasma Turbulence
Thermal Spray Coatings

Ac Power Transmission
Busbars
Circuit Breakers
Conductors, Electric
Contactors
Dc Transformers
Dc Transmission Networks
Electric Shocks
Emergency Power Supply
Excitation Control in Power Systems
HVDC Power Transmission
Interrupters
Load Management
Load Regulation of Power Plants
Overhead Line Conductors
Potential Transformers
Power Dividers
Power Factor Correction
Power Flow
Power Substation Modeling
Power System Protection, Relays
Power Transmission Lines
Reactive Power
Relay Protection
Shielded Power Cable
Short-Term Load Forecasting
Substation Insulation
Switchgear Protection
Transformer Protection
Transformers, Dry Type
Transformer Substations
Underground Distribution Systems
Vacuum Switches

Ac-ac Power Converters
Ac-dc Power Converters
Battery Storage Plants
Dc-ac Power Converters
Dc-dc Power Converters
Diodes for Power Electronics
Electric Fuses
High-Frequency Lighting Supplies
Induction Motor Drives
Inverter Thyristors
Motor Drives, Dc
Power System Harmonic Control
Resonant Power Converters
Surge Protection
Switched Reluctance Motor Drives
Thyristor Phase Control
Thyristors for Power Electronics

Capacitor Storage
Electricity Supply Industry
Hydroelectric Power Stations
Industrial Power Systems
Power Station Load
Power System Control
Power System Harmonics
Power System Measurement
Power System Relaying
Power System Restoration
Power System Security
Power System Stability
Power System State Estimation
Power System Transients
Power Transmission Networks
Pumped-Storage Power Stations
Rectifier Substations

Corporate and Organizational Communication
Data Presentation
Document and Information Design
Electronic Document Production
Engineering Notebooks
Information Retrieval and Publishing
Intellectual Property in Engineering
International Communication
Management of Documentation Projects
Oral Presentations
Telecommunication Methods
Video Production

Distributed Feedback Lasers
Dye Lasers
Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry
Excimer Lasers
Free Electron Lasers

Artificial Hearts And Organs
Artificial Limbs
Assistive Devices For Motor Disabilities
Hearing Aids
Human Motion Analysis
Prosthetic Power Supplies

Bayesian Inference in Reliability
Burn-In and Screening
Design for Microelectronics Reliability
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
Handbooks and Standards
Life Testing
Monte Carlo Simulation
Power Device Reliability
Probabilistic Risk Assessment
Reliability Growth Concepts and Testing
Reliability Indices
Reliability of Redundant and Fault-Tolerant Systems
Reliability Theory
Reliability via Designed Experiments
Repairable Systems
Statistical Analysis of Reliability Data
Stress-Strength Relations
Testing for Acceptance-Rejection

Automation
Industrial Robots
Machine Vision for Robotics and Inspection
Manipulators
Mobile Robots
Robot Dynamics
Robot Kinematics
Robot Path Planning
Robots
Servomechanisms
Tactile Sensors
Telecontrol
Telerobotics
Warehouse Automation

Chemical Vapor Deposition
Diagnosis of Semiconductor Processes
Electron Beam Lithography
Electron Beam Processing
Epitaxial Liftoff
Flexible Semiconductor Manufacturing
Fuzzy Logic for Semiconductor Manufacturing
Gate and Tunnel Dielectrics, Manufacturing Aspects
Ion Implantation
Isolation Technology
Neural Nets for Semiconductor Manufacturing
Passivation
Photolithography
Semiconductor Doping
Semiconductor Factory Control and Optimization
Semiconductor Manufacturing Scheduling
Semiconductor Manufacturing Test Structures
Semiconductor Process Representation
Sputter Deposition
Statistical Methods for Semiconductor Manufacturing
Wafer-Scale Integration
X-Ray Lithography

Acousto-Optical Signal Processing
Adaptive Radar
FIR Filters, Windows
Fourier Transform
Kalman Filters
Multidimensional Signal Processing
Multirate Filterbanks
Nonlinear Systems
Recursive Filters
Seismic Signal Processing
Spectral Analysis
Spectral Analysis Windowing
Statistical Signal Processing, Higher Order Tools
VLSI Signal Processing
Wavelets

Application Program Interfaces
Automatic Test Software
Backtracking
Batch Processing in Computers
Computational Linguistics
Computer Communications Software
Conformance Testing
Context-Sensitive Languages
Electronic Data Interchange
Formal Specification of Software
Functional Programming
Genetic Algorithms
Geometric Programming
Groupware
Input-Output Programs
Integrated Software
Logic Programming
Logic Programming and Languages
Mathematical Programming
Microprogramming
Object-Oriented Programming
Object-Oriented Programming Transition
Program Control Structures
Program Diagnostics
Program Testing
Report Generator
Software Cost Estimation
Software Houses
Software Maintenance
Software Maintenance, Reverse Engineering and Reengineering
Software Management via Law-Governed Regularities
Software Metrics
Software Performance Evaluation
Software Project Management
Software Prototyping
Software Quality
Software Reliability
Software Reusability
Software Reviews
Software Standards
Software Validation for Reliability
Subroutines
System Monitoring
User Interface Management Systems
Vienna Development Method

Analog Integrated Circuits
BiCMOS Logic Circuits
Bicmos Memory Circuits
Bipolar Memory Circuits
Current-Mode Logic
Emitter-Coupled Logic
Field Effect Transistor Memory Circuits
Gallium Arsenide Field Effect Transistor Logic Circuits
Gyrators
Integrated Injection Logic
Junction Field Effect Transistors Circuits
Logic Arrays
Microwave Integrated Circuits
NAND Circuits
NOR Circuits
Power Integrated Circuits
Programmable Logic Arrays
Programmable Logic Devices
Quantum Storage Devices
Semiconductor Process Modeling
SRAM Chips
Thin Film Capacitors
Thin Film Resistors
Thin Film Transistors
Transistor-Transistor Logic

Architectural Acoustics
Automatic Language Identification
Cepstral Analysis of Speech
Echo Cancellation for Speech Signals
Neural Nets for Speech Processing
Psychoacoustics
Speaker Recognition
Speech Analysis
Speech Coding
Speech Enhancement
Speech Perception
Speech Processing
Speech Production
Speech Recognition
Speech Synthesis

Computational Intelligence
Cybernetics
Data Fusion
Decision Theory
Human Centered Design
Human Machine Systems
Information Technology
Interface Design
Modeling and Simulation
Petri Nets
Quality Control
System Requirements and Specifications
Systems Analysis
Systems Architecture
Systems Engineering Trends
Systems Reengineering

Cultural Impacts of Technology
Ethics and Professional Responsibility
Perceptions of Technology
Public Policy Towards Science and Technology
Social and Ethical Aspects of Information Technology

Acoustic Microscopy
Biological Effects of Ultrasound
Flow Techniques, Industrial
Flow Techniques, Medical
Functional and Smart Materials
Geophysical Prospecting using Sonics and Ultrasonics
High Power Ultrasound
Microwave Ferroelectric Devices
Physical Acoustics
Surface Acoustic Wave Applications
Surface Acoustic Wave Devices
Thin Films
Ultrasonic and Acoustic Micromechanical Devices
Ultrasonic Exposimetry
Ultrasonic Physical Mechanisms and Chemical Effects
Ultrasonic Sensors
Ultrasonic Transducers, Imaging
Underwater Ultrasound

Antenna Arrays for Mobile Communications
Cellular Radio
Intelligent Transportation Systems
Mobile Satellite Communication
Mobile Telecommunications Standards
Multiple Access Mobile Communications
Paging Communication for Locating Mobile Users
Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems

Business Graphics
Color Graphics
Computer Animation
Data Visualization
Flow Visualization
Global Illumination
Graphical User Interfaces
Graphics Transformations in 2-D
Halftoning
Hidden Feature Removal
Image Manipulation
Input Devices
Lighting
Raster Graphics Architectures
Shape Representation
Solid Modeling
Three-Dimensional Displays
Three-Dimensional Graphics
Visual Realism
Volume Visualization
Windows Systems

Asynchronous Logic Design
Clock Distribution in Synchronous Systems
DRAM Chips
Integrated Circuit Signal Delay
Microprocessors
Rapid Prototyping Systems

Preface

This encyclopedia is an alphabetically organized compilation of more than 1400 articles that describe every aspect of electrical and electronics engineering. It is the first and only large multivolume encyclopedia that encompasses this fast-growing, important field. It defines the discipline by bringing together the core knowledge from all subject areas encompassed by electrical and electronics engineering. It also details the latest advances in semiconductors, photonics, computers, communications, networks, and power that contribute to our improved standard of living. It provides essential knowledge to a broad group of engineers, designers, managers, and research personnel from industry; students and research personnel from universities; and others with a need to understand the growing field of electrical and electronics engineering.

The Encyclopedia is comprehensive. The articles included emphasize the contributions from experts in each of the key areas of electrical and electronics engineering. These areas are listed in Table 1. The index volume includes a complete list of the articles, both alphabetically and grouped in these subject areas. Important information is readily accessible to the user as each article is a condensation of what could easily have been a book-length work. The articles will serve as a review for peers, but will also be very helpful for readers from related areas who wish to take a first look at what is important in the subject area.

The articles do not presume a detailed background in the subject. The content of each article is designed to serve readers from diverse backgrounds and training. Investigators in the field will find both reference and new information. Science students and nonengineers can skip over some of the more technical areas and still gain much from the descriptive presentations and figures. Each article can serve as the starting point for further study on the subject because its comprehensive bibliography lists useful references directing readers to up-to-date, specialized literature.

The encyclopedia is excellent for browsing—searching for those new divergent associations that may provide fresh insights in an emerging or peripheral field. While they can be used as a reference for facts, the articles are long enough so that they can serve as an educational instrument and provide genuine understanding of a subject. One can use this work just as one would use a dictionary since the articles are arranged alphabetically by title. Skimming the article lists in the index volume can facilitate searching. Cross references assist the reader looking for subjects listed under alternative or synonymous names. The index leads the reader to all articles containing pertinent information on any subject.

The print version is complemented by an online version that will be enhanced by hyperlinks, programs, animation, and color illustrations. It also offers the convenience of a powerful keyword search engine linked to all articles. It will be continually updated with new articles and revisions of existing articles so users can always find the latest information.

Use of computers, databases, and E-mail greatly eased the development of the Encyclopedia. Online scientific databases provided suggestions for article topics. Electrical engineers Ron Leder, Jeff Schowalter, and I searched terms in current usage, reviewed each title, and compiled the final list of articles. We divided the titles into areas suggested by the different IEEE Transactions and invited the assistance of an International Editorial Board composed of the IEEE Transaction editors or alternates. They modified their area title list, supplied 10 keywords for each article, and suggested authors and reviewers. Searching online scientific databases yielded additional authors. Search engines on the Web facilitated finding authors' current addresses.

I owe a great debt to the many people who have contributed to the creation of this work. At John Wiley & Sons, electrical engineering acquisitions editor George Telecki provided the idea and guiding influence to launch the project. Members of the International Editorial Board helped to shape the selection of articles and to suggest authors. The authors and reviewers were the critical key to the project, taking many hours from their busy schedules to write and review articles. A list of contributors can be found in the index volume.

Ron Leder was of major assistance: he modified our tracking database to collect all this information and posted the important details on the Encyclopedia's Web page (http://www.wiley.com/ee/engineering). He also developed our invaluable database for generating all correspondence by post, fax, and E-mail.

Others who kept the office running smoothly are Hans Bilger, Benjamin Fox, Kathy Flake, Peter Jung, John Marmet, Michael Matschull, Jeff Schowalter, Kyle Webster, Linda Webster, and Paul Webster.

Then there is Nancy, my wife of 44 years. That precious commodity of a couple—time for togetherness—has been eroded by this project for a few years and thus I dedicated the Encyclopedia to her. Our future evenings will have a bit more time for each other, our vacations will be a bit longer, and the Encyclopedia will be there to help people learn and advance knowledge.

Please send any suggestions and corrections to George Telecki at [email protected].

John G. Webster
University of Wisconsin-Madison